Rodkiewicz C M, Centkowski J, Zajac S
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
J Biomech Eng. 1992 Nov;114(4):527-32. doi: 10.1115/1.2894106.
An elastic model of the arterial system has been used in which a specially designed pumping unit simulated the heart action. Physiological pressures and normal geometry, size, and flow distribution together with the normal cardiac output and use of prosthetic heart valves are the features of the system. Atherosclerosis was simulated by introducing blockages of known cross-section at specific sites of predilection. It has been shown that, for some specific occlusion magnitude in the left or right subclavian, or in the brachycephalic arteries, the stagnant no blood flow condition will appear in the left vertebral, or the right vertebral, or right common carotid, or the right internal carotid arteries. For larger occlusions the blood flow in these arteries reverses its direction, i.e., the "steal syndrome" appears. It is shown that besides the known single steal syndrome there exists also a double steal syndrome, i.e., blood reverses its flow direction simultaneously in two arteries, both on the right side of the arterial system. This blood is taken from the circle of Willis, which at the same time is significantly supplemented by the increased blood flow through the other arteries leading into the circle of Willis.
一种动脉系统弹性模型已被使用，其中一个专门设计的泵单元模拟心脏活动。生理压力、正常的几何形状、尺寸和血流分布，以及正常的心输出量和人工心脏瓣膜的使用是该系统的特征。通过在特定的好发部位引入已知横截面积的阻塞来模拟动脉粥样硬化。结果表明，对于左或右锁骨下动脉或头臂动脉中某些特定的阻塞程度，左椎动脉、右椎动脉、右颈总动脉或右颈内动脉会出现血流停滞即无血流的情况。对于更大的阻塞，这些动脉中的血流会反向，即出现“盗血综合征”。研究表明，除了已知的单盗血综合征外，还存在双盗血综合征，即在动脉系统右侧的两条动脉中血流同时反向。这些血液取自 Willis 环，与此同时，通过其他流入 Willis 环的动脉增加的血流会显著补充 Willis 环的血液。
