The role of adhesion molecules in multiple myeloma.

Human myeloma plasma cells had been considered to express few surface antigens until recently. The past two International Workshops on Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens have shown that myeloma cells can express a range of surface molecules, and it has become clear that many of these have adhesive functions. The identification of ICAM-1 (CD54) and H-CAM (CD44) on human plasma cells was the initial observation, and other antigens such as N-CAM (CD56) and LFA-3 (CD58) have been confirmed as features of malignant plasma cells in particular. The degree of expression of LFA-1 (CD11a) remains to be characterised fully. It seems probable that the loss of some adhesion structures may be associated with increased malignancy and plasma cell leukaemia. At the present time there are few studies relating to the function of these molecules, although homotypic adhesion appears to occur, and it is likely that such studies will shed light on the pathogenesis of myeloma.