Farley C T, McMahon T A
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Concord Field Station, Massachusetts.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Dec;73(6):2709-12. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2709.
On Earth, a person uses about one-half as much energy to walk a mile as to run a mile. On another planet with lower gravity, would walking still be more economical than running? When people carry weights while they walk or run, energetic cost increases in proportion to the added load. It would seem to follow that if gravity were reduced, energetic cost would decrease in proportion to body weight in both gaits. However, we find that under simulated reduced gravity, the rate of energy consumption decreases in proportion to body weight during running but not during walking. When gravity is reduced by 75%, the rate of energy consumption is reduced by 72% during running but only by 33% during walking. Because reducing gravity decreases the energetic cost much more for running than for walking, walking is not the cheapest way to travel a mile at low levels of gravity. These results suggest that the link between the mechanics of locomotion and energetic cost is fundamentally different for walking and for running.
在地球上，一个人走一英里所消耗的能量大约是跑一英里的一半。在另一个重力较低的星球上，步行是否仍然比跑步更节能呢？当人们在行走或跑步时负重，能量消耗会随着附加重量成比例增加。由此似乎可以推断，如果重力降低，两种步态下的能量消耗都会与体重成比例下降。然而，我们发现，在模拟的低重力环境下，跑步时的能量消耗率与体重成比例下降，而步行时并非如此。当重力降低75%时，跑步时的能量消耗率降低72%，而步行时仅降低33%。由于重力降低对跑步能量消耗的减少幅度远大于步行，在低重力水平下，步行并非一英里行程中最节能的方式。这些结果表明，步行和跑步在运动力学与能量消耗之间的联系上存在根本差异。
