Arlian L G
Dept. of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435.
Exp Appl Acarol. 1992 Nov;16(1-2):15-35. doi: 10.1007/BF01201490.
The house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Euroglyphus maynei, are prevalent in homes in humid geographical areas throughout the world. These mites thrive in humid environments in human dwellings where there is no liquid water to drink. However, their bodies contain 70-75% water by weight, which must be maintained in order to reproduce. Their primary source of water is water vapor which is actively extracted from unsaturated air. At relative humidities above 65-70%, adequate amounts of water can be extracted from unsaturated air to compensate for that lost by all avenues. Active uptake is associated with ingestion of a hyperosmotic solution which is secreted by the supracoxal glands. Active mites do not survive longer than 6-11 days at RHs < or = 50%. They survive extended dry periods by forming a desiccation-resistant protonymphal stage which can survive for months at RHs below the critical humidity for active stages. Feeding rate and allergen production is directly influenced by RH. Mites feed, multiply, and produce more fecal matter at higher RHs than at lower ones.
屋尘螨、粉尘螨、户尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨在全球潮湿地理区域的家庭中普遍存在。这些螨虫在人类住所的潮湿环境中繁衍生息，而那里没有液态水可供饮用。然而，它们的身体按重量计算含有70 - 75%的水分，为了繁殖必须维持这一比例。它们的主要水源是从不饱和空气中主动提取的水蒸气。在相对湿度高于65 - 70%时，可以从不饱和空气中提取足够的水分来弥补通过各种途径损失的水分。主动摄取与咽下腺分泌的高渗溶液的摄入有关。在相对湿度≤50%时，活跃的螨虫存活时间不超过6 - 11天。它们通过形成抗干燥的若虫前期来度过漫长的干燥期，该阶段在低于活跃阶段临界湿度的相对湿度下可存活数月。进食速率和变应原产生直接受相对湿度影响。螨虫在较高相对湿度下比在较低相对湿度下进食、繁殖并产生更多粪便。
