Fuhrmann Markus
University of Regensburg, Competence Center for Fluorescent Bioanalysis, Germany.
Methods Mol Med. 2004;94:191-5.
Recombinant small-scale proteins are produced in a number of systems, from bacteria like Escherichia coli, through lower eukaryotes like baker's yeast, up to mammalian cell cultures. However, the need for safe and cheap sources of large amounts of recombinant proteins for different purposes, including material sciences, diagnostics, and, of course, medical therapy, has forced the development of alternative production systems. Green microalgae are cheap and easily grown and offer a high protein content, which would seem to make them ideal hosts for the large-scale sustainable production of recombinant proteins in the future. In selected species, recombinant DNA can be introduced into the genomes of the nucleus, the chloroplast, and even the mitochondria, and thus the system offers both prokaryotic (chloroplast, mitochondria) and eukaryotic translation systems for a tailored expression of virtually any protein.
重组小规模蛋白质可在多种系统中产生，从诸如大肠杆菌这样的细菌，到诸如面包酵母这样的低等真核生物，直至哺乳动物细胞培养物。然而，出于不同目的（包括材料科学、诊断，当然还有医学治疗）对大量安全且廉价的重组蛋白质来源的需求，促使了替代生产系统的发展。绿色微藻价格低廉且易于培养，蛋白质含量高，这似乎使它们成为未来大规模可持续生产重组蛋白质的理想宿主。在选定的物种中，重组DNA可以被导入细胞核、叶绿体甚至线粒体的基因组中，因此该系统为几乎任何蛋白质的定制表达提供了原核（叶绿体、线粒体）和真核翻译系统。
