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对异种移植的理解与态度:一项针对意大利大学生的调查

Understanding of and attitudes to xenotransplantation: a survey among Italian university students.

作者信息

Bona Manuela De, Canova Daniele, Rumiati Rino, Russo Francesco Paolo, Ermani Mario, Ancona Ermanno, Naccarato Remo, Burra Patrizia

机构信息

Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Padua, Italy.

出版信息

Xenotransplantation. 2004 Mar;11(2):133-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2004.00091.x.

Abstract

UNLABELLED

Xenotransplantation is currently at the experimental stages on animal models and many problems still have to be overcome in the biomedical, immunological and ethical fields. Moreover, people's attitudes to xenotransplantation vary: surveys among intensive-care staff have revealed negative opinions, while the general public and students seem to be more positive. Little is known about the influence of schooling and the choice of university faculty on attitudes to xenotransplantation. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate university students' attitudes to xenotransplantation; (ii) to investigate any socio-demographic, religious and educational determinants behind students' opinions on xenotransplantation. University undergraduates on five different courses were surveyed at Padua University. A 24-item questionnaire was distributed to students at the end of lectures and completed anonymously immediately after its distribution. No information was given to students beforehand.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

chi-squared, Pearson's test; P-values <0.05 were considered significant. A total of 585 of 602 (97.2%) students completed the questionnaire (132 males, 453 females, mean age 20.4, range 19 to 43 yr). They were on courses in Medicine (33.85%), Agriculture (5.98%), Veterinary Medicine (11.45%), Psychology (18.46%) and Educational Sciences (30.26%). As for their previous schooling, they came from classical or scientific high school (58.3%), technical college (14.7%), language college (6.3%), teacher training college (11.9%) or others (8.8%). Concerning their religious beliefs, 83% were Catholics, and 56.2% defined themselves as practising Catholics. Eighty-eight percentage of the students knew of the possibility of animal organs being transplanted into humans and 77.9% of them approved of this idea. When grouped according to gender and education, a higher proportion of students approving of xenotransplantation were male (P = 0.017) and had attended classical or scientific high school (P = 0.011). Disapproval for moral, ethical or religious reasons was higher among practising than among non-practising Catholics; the latter rejected xenotransplantation more for immunological and infectious reasons (P = 0.014). As for the type of university course, a higher proportion of students approving of xenotransplantation attended science courses (Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Medicine vs. Educational Sciences and Psychology) (P = 0.013). University students generally approved of xenotransplantation. Male gender and a high-school education were associated with a greater acceptance of xenotransplantation. Practising vs. non-practising Catholics reported significantly different reasons for any disapproval of xenotransplantation. The choice of a science rather than an arts faculty at university was more strongly associated with a positive opinion on xenotransplantation.

摘要

未标注

异种移植目前正处于动物模型实验阶段,在生物医学、免疫学和伦理领域仍有许多问题有待克服。此外,人们对异种移植的态度各不相同:对重症监护人员的调查显示出负面看法,而普通公众和学生似乎更为积极。关于学校教育和大学专业选择对异种移植态度的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是:(i)评估大学生对异种移植的态度;(ii)调查学生对异种移植看法背后的任何社会人口统计学、宗教和教育决定因素。在帕多瓦大学对五个不同专业的本科学生进行了调查。在讲座结束时向学生发放了一份包含24个条目的问卷,并在发放后立即匿名填写。事先未向学生提供任何信息。

统计分析

卡方检验、皮尔逊检验;P值<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。602名学生中有585名(97.2%)完成了问卷(132名男性,453名女性,平均年龄20.4岁,范围19至43岁)。他们分别就读于医学专业(33.85%)、农业专业(5.98%)、兽医学专业(11.45%)、心理学专业(18.46%)和教育科学专业(30.26%)。至于他们以前的学校教育,他们来自古典或理科高中(58.3%)、技术学院(14.7%)、语言学院(6.3%)、师范学院(11.9%)或其他(8.8%)。关于他们的宗教信仰,83%是天主教徒,56.2%将自己定义为虔诚的天主教徒。88%的学生知道动物器官有可能移植到人类身上,其中77.9%的学生赞成这一想法。按性别和教育程度分组时,赞成异种移植的学生中男性比例更高(P = 0.017),且就读于古典或理科高中的比例更高(P = 0.011)。出于道德、伦理或宗教原因的反对在虔诚的天主教徒中高于非虔诚的天主教徒;后者更多地因免疫和感染原因拒绝异种移植(P = 0.014)。至于大学课程类型,赞成异种移植的学生中就读理科课程(兽医学、农业和医学与教育科学和心理学相比)的比例更高(P = 0.013)。大学生总体上赞成异种移植。男性和高中教育与对异种移植的更大接受度相关。虔诚与非虔诚的天主教徒在反对异种移植的原因上报告有显著差异。在大学选择理科而非文科专业与对异种移植的积极看法更密切相关。

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