[Sickle cell disease in the neonatal period].

The prognosis of pregnancy in women with major sickle cell syndromes has improved greatly in recent years. Correction of maternal anemia with programmed transfusion has been a major advance. Rates of preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation nevertheless remain high in this population. A newborn affected with sickle cell disease does not develop complications of the disease, because the predominant fetal hemoglobin cannot co-polymerize with sickle hemoglobin. The rate of complications increases as the infant's hemoglobin synthesis switches from fetal to sickle hemoglobin. Neonatal screening of sickle cell disease patients enables early implementation of a comprehensive prevention program (daily antibiotic prophylaxy, immunization, parental education.). A neonatal screening program, targeted with regard to the parents' ethnic background, has been implemented throughout metropolitan France since 1999. In 2002, this program enabled early diagnosis of sickle cell disease in 313 newborns.