Pendergrass Stephanie M
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):858-61. doi: 10.1021/es0305407.
Separate sampling and analytical methods for the determination of diacetyl and acetoin have been developed to assess workplace exposures at a popcorn processing facility have been described. Diacetyl (NMAM 2557) is efficiently recovered from an Anasorb CMS sampler tube when the composition of methanol in the desorption solvent is 1%, and acetoin (NMAM 2558) is efficiently recovered when the concentration of methanol is increased to 5%. Desorption efficiencies for diacetyl and acetoin were acceptable, 89.9% (RSD = 0.018) and 94.9% (RSD = 0.019), respectively. Recoveries for nonanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate were not optimized because they were present in very low concentrations in the popcorn processing facility and not considered to be major occupational health hazards. Samples were collected on Anasorb CMS solid sorbent tubes. All analytes were separated using a 30-m Stabilwax-DA fused silica capillary column, followed by analysis using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. These methods were acceptable for monitoring and identifying exposures to diacetyl and acetoin present in the butter flavoring mixture used at popcorn processing facilities. For example, in the initial site visit the method was used to determine that maximum workers exposures to diacetyl (462.6 mg/m3), acetoin (59.1 mg/m3), and nonanone (0.45 mg/m3) occurred as the butter flavoring was added to the mixing kettle. When protective measures were recommended by NIOSH personnel and implemented bythe popcorn processing facility, the methods were then used to determine the effectiveness of these changes, which showed that diacetyl and acetoin concentrations had been reduced significantly to 0.97 and 2.3 mg/m3, respectively, while the concentration of nonanone fell to levels below the detection limit (LOD).
已经开发出用于测定双乙酰和乙偶姻的单独采样和分析方法，以评估爆米花加工设施中的工作场所暴露情况。当解吸溶剂中甲醇的组成比例为1%时，双乙酰（NMAM 2557）能从Anasorb CMS采样管中有效回收；当甲醇浓度增加到5%时，乙偶姻（NMAM 2558）能有效回收。双乙酰和乙偶姻的解吸效率是可接受的，分别为89.9%（相对标准偏差=0.018）和94.9%（相对标准偏差=0.019）。壬酮、甲乙酮和乙酸乙酯的回收率未进行优化，因为它们在爆米花加工设施中的浓度非常低，且不被视为主要的职业健康危害物质。样品采集在Anasorb CMS固体吸附管上。所有分析物通过一根30米长的Stabilwax-DA熔融石英毛细管柱进行分离，然后使用带有火焰离子化检测的气相色谱进行分析。这些方法可用于监测和识别爆米花加工设施中使用的黄油调味混合物中双乙酰和乙偶姻的暴露情况。例如，在首次现场考察中，该方法用于确定在向搅拌釜中添加黄油调味剂时，工人接触双乙酰（462.6毫克/立方米）、乙偶姻（59.1毫克/立方米）和壬酮（0.45毫克/立方米）的最大暴露量。当美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）人员建议并由爆米花加工设施实施保护措施后，这些方法又被用于确定这些变化的有效性，结果显示双乙酰和乙偶姻的浓度已显著降低至分别为0.97和2.3毫克/立方米，而壬酮的浓度降至检测限以下。
