Bosilevac Joseph M, Wheeler Tommy L, Rivera-Betancourt Mildred, Nou Xiangwu, Arthur Terrance M, Shackelford Steven D, Kent Matthew P, Jaroni Divya, Osborn Matthew S, Rossman Michelle, Reagan James O, Koohmaraie Mohammad
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA.
J Food Prot. 2004 Feb;67(2):303-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.303.
The objective of this study was to establish the necessary protocols and assess the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as an antimicrobial intervention on beef cattle hides. Experiments using CPC were conducted to determine (i) the methods of neutralization needed to obtain valid efficacy measurements, (ii) the effect of concentration and dwell time after treatment, (iii) the effect of CPC on hide and carcass microbial populations when cattle were treated at a feedlot and then transported to a processing facility for harvest, and (iv) the effectiveness of spray pressure and two-spray combinations of CPC and water to reduce hide microbial populations. Residual CPC in hide sponge samples prevented bacterial growth. Dey-Engley neutralization media at 7.8% and a centrifugation step were necessary to overcome this problem. All dwell times, ranging from 30 s to 4 h, after 1% CPC application to cattle hides resulted in aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts 1.5 log CFU/100 cm2 lower than controls. The most effective dose of CPC was 1%, which reduced aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts 2 and 1 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively. Low-pressure application of 1% CPC at the feedlot, transport to the processing facility, and harvest within 5 h of application resulted in no effect on Escherichia coli O157 prevalence on hides or preevisceration carcasses. Two high-pressure CPC washes lowered aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts by 4 log CFU/100 cm2, and two medium-pressure CPC washes were only slightly less effective. These results indicate that under the proper conditions, CPC may still be effective for reducing microbial populations on cattle hides. Further study is warranted to determine if this effect will result in reduction of hide-to-carcass contamination during processing.
本研究的目的是建立必要的方案，并评估十六烷基氯化吡啶（CPC）作为肉牛生皮抗菌干预措施的效果。进行了使用CPC的实验，以确定（i）获得有效效果测量所需的中和方法，（ii）处理后浓度和停留时间的影响，（iii）当牛在饲养场接受处理然后运输到加工设施进行屠宰时，CPC对生皮和胴体微生物种群的影响，以及（iv）喷雾压力和CPC与水的双喷雾组合减少生皮微生物种群的有效性。生皮海绵样品中的残留CPC可抑制细菌生长。需要7.8%的Dey-Engley中和培养基和离心步骤来克服这个问题。将1%的CPC应用于牛皮后，所有30秒至4小时的停留时间导致需氧平板计数和肠杆菌科计数比对照低1.5 log CFU/100 cm2。CPC最有效的剂量是1%，可分别将需氧平板计数和肠杆菌科计数降低2和1 log CFU/100 cm2。在饲养场低压施用1%的CPC，运输到加工设施，并在施用后5小时内屠宰，对生皮或宰前胴体上的大肠杆菌O157流行率没有影响。两次高压CPC清洗使需氧平板计数和肠杆菌科计数降低了4 log CFU/100 cm2，两次中压CPC清洗的效果略差。这些结果表明，在适当条件下，CPC可能仍然有效地减少牛皮上的微生物种群。有必要进一步研究以确定这种效果是否会导致加工过程中生皮到胴体污染的减少。
