Dauwalter Daniel C, Jackson John R
Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2004 Feb;91(1-3):27-57. doi: 10.1023/b:emas.0000009229.84959.79.
Multimetric indices are often used to monitor aquatic-resource conditions. We used existing fish-collection data from streams to develop an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), which is a multimetric index, for the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion in Arkansas, U.S.A. Each fish-collection site was categorized as reference or non-reference. We examined 62 candidate IBI metrics, and selected 12 non-redundant metrics that differentiated best between reference and non-reference sites. The selected metrics were: Percent (of individuals) as Black Bass; Percent as Benthic Feeders; Percent as Centrarchids; Percent as Cyprinids; Percent as Ictalurids; Percent as Mineral, Site-Prep Spawners; Percent as Mineral, Site-Prep, Parental-Care Spawners; Percent as Simple, Mineral Substrate Spawners; Percent as Miscellaneous, Site-Prep, Parental-Care Spawners; Total Number of Centrarchid Species; Total Number of Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) Ouachita Mountains Indicator Species; and Total Number of ADEQ Ouachita Mountains Key Species. We standardized each metric to score from 0 to 10 by using linear equations and threshold limits. Some selected IBI metrics had their scoring criteria adjusted to account for watershed size (i.e., stream size). We standardized the IBI to score from 0 to 100. In addition, we determined that our Percent as Black Bass and Percent as Benthic Feeders metrics contributed most to IBI scores in reference conditions, but their contributions decreased with decreasing stream conditions. Reproductive metrics contributed most in degraded stream conditions. Furthermore, we identified relations between IBI metrics and water-quality and land-use variables; some relations were counterintuitive. Unexpected relations may be random observations explained by limited ranges of land-use and water-quality variables. When select water-quality and land-use variables were included in a principal component analysis, a composite Land Use Intensity variable explained most of the model variance. Although the IBI has not been independently validated, the PCA, as well as other superficial analyses, indicated that the IBI should be able to differentiate stream conditions.
多指标指数常用于监测水生资源状况。我们利用来自溪流的现有鱼类采集数据，为美国阿肯色州瓦希托山脉生态区开发了一种生物完整性指数（IBI），这是一种多指标指数。每个鱼类采集地点被归类为参照点或非参照点。我们研究了62个候选IBI指标，并选择了12个非冗余指标，这些指标能最好地区分参照点和非参照点。所选指标包括：黑鲈个体百分比；底栖摄食者百分比；鲈形目鱼类百分比；鲤科鱼类百分比；鮰科鱼类百分比；在矿质、场地准备型产卵者中所占百分比；在矿质、场地准备、亲代抚育型产卵者中所占百分比；在简单矿质基质型产卵者中所占百分比；在其他、场地准备、亲代抚育型产卵者中所占百分比；鲈形目鱼类物种总数；阿肯色州环境质量部（ADEQ）瓦希托山脉指示物种总数；以及ADEQ瓦希托山脉关键物种总数。我们通过使用线性方程和阈值将每个指标标准化，使其得分从0到10。一些所选的IBI指标对其评分标准进行了调整，以考虑流域面积（即溪流大小）。我们将IBI标准化，使其得分从0到100。此外，我们确定在参照条件下，我们的黑鲈个体百分比和底栖摄食者百分比指标对IBI得分贡献最大，但随着溪流条件变差，它们的贡献会降低。繁殖指标在退化的溪流条件下贡献最大。此外，我们确定了IBI指标与水质和土地利用变量之间的关系；有些关系是违反直觉的。意外关系可能是由土地利用和水质变量范围有限所解释的随机观测结果。当在主成分分析中纳入选定的水质和土地利用变量时，一个综合的土地利用强度变量解释了大部分模型方差。尽管IBI尚未经过独立验证，但主成分分析以及其他表面分析表明，IBI应该能够区分溪流条件。
