Destro-Bisol Giovanni, Coia Valentina, Boschi Ilaria, Verginelli Fabio, Cagliá Alessandra, Pascali Vincenzo, Spedini Gabriella, Calafell Francesc
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Universita La Sapienza, P le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Am Nat. 2004 Feb;163(2):212-26. doi: 10.1086/381405. Epub 2004 Jan 16.
The Eastern Pygmies from Zaire and Western Pygmies from Cameroon, Congo, and the Central African Republic represent the two principal groups of African Pygmies. In the "recent divergence" hypothesis in which Western Pygmies are thought to be the result of hybridization between the ancestors of Eastern Pygmies and Bantu farmers who penetrated the equatorial belt and came into contact with Pygmies around 2-3 kiloyears ago. On the basis of recent archaeological research in the tropical rain forest, we propose a "pre-Bantu divergence" hypothesis, which posits the separation between the ancestors of Eastern and Western Pygmies earlier than 18 kiloyears ago. In order to test the two hypotheses, we analyzed the variation of the hypervariable region 1 of the mitochondrial DNA in the Mbenzele, Western Pygmies of the Central African Republic, and compared our results with those of previous mtDNA and Y chromosome studies. Distribution, sequence variation, and age of haplogroups along with genetic distances among populations, estimates of divergence times, and simulations based on the coalescent approach were found to be congruent with the pre-Bantu divergence but failed to support the recent divergence hypothesis.
来自扎伊尔的东部俾格米人和来自喀麦隆、刚果及中非共和国的西部俾格米人代表了非洲俾格米人的两个主要群体。在“近期分化”假说中，人们认为西部俾格米人是东部俾格米人的祖先与约2 - 3千年前进入赤道地区并与俾格米人接触的班图农民杂交的结果。基于近期在热带雨林地区的考古研究，我们提出了一个“班图人之前分化”假说，该假说认为东部和西部俾格米人的祖先在18千年前就已分离。为了验证这两种假说，我们分析了中非共和国西部俾格米人姆本泽勒部落线粒体DNA高变区1的变异情况，并将我们的结果与之前线粒体DNA和Y染色体研究的结果进行了比较。单倍群的分布、序列变异和年代，以及群体间的遗传距离、分化时间估计和基于溯祖方法的模拟结果均与班图人之前分化假说相符，但未能支持近期分化假说。
