Gomez Felicia, Hirbo Jibril, Tishkoff Sarah A
Department of Genetics and Biology, School of Medicine and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Hominid Paleobiology Doctoral Program and The Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052.
Department of Genetics and Biology, School of Medicine and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Jul 1;6(7):a008524. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008524.
Because modern humans originated in Africa and have adapted to diverse environments, African populations have high levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity. Thus, genomic studies of diverse African ethnic groups are essential for understanding human evolutionary history and how this leads to differential disease risk in all humans. Comparative studies of genetic diversity within and between African ethnic groups creates an opportunity to reconstruct some of the earliest events in human population history and are useful for identifying patterns of genetic variation that have been influenced by recent natural selection. Here we describe what is currently known about genetic variation and evolutionary history of diverse African ethnic groups. We also describe examples of recent natural selection in African genomes and how these data are informative for understanding the frequency of many genetic traits, including those that cause disease susceptibility in African populations and populations of recent African descent.
由于现代人类起源于非洲并已适应了多样的环境，非洲人群具有高度的遗传和表型多样性。因此，对非洲不同族群进行基因组研究对于理解人类进化史以及这如何导致所有人患不同疾病的风险至关重要。对非洲族群内部和之间的遗传多样性进行比较研究，为重建人类种群历史中一些最早的事件创造了机会，并且有助于识别受近期自然选择影响的遗传变异模式。在这里，我们描述了目前已知的关于非洲不同族群的遗传变异和进化史的情况。我们还描述了非洲基因组中近期自然选择的例子，以及这些数据如何有助于理解许多遗传性状的频率，包括那些导致非洲人群和近期非洲裔人群易患疾病的性状。
