Collins Stephanie L, Izenwasser Sari
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1695 NW 9th Avenue, Suite 3302 (D-21), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2004 Mar;46(3):349-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.09.024.
Tobacco use is prevalent in the adolescent population. It is a major concern because tobacco is highly addictive and has also been linked to illicit drug use. There is not much research, however, on the interaction between nicotine and other stimulant drugs in animal models of early adolescence. This study examined the effects of chronic nicotine alone and on cocaine-stimulated activity in male and female periadolescent rats compared to male and female adult rats. During the seven-day nicotine pretreatment period, nicotine increased locomotor activity in all groups compared to vehicle controls. Male and female adult rats and female periadolescent rats developed sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of nicotine over the 7-day treatment period, while male periadolescent rats did not. All groups treated with nicotine, however, exhibited sensitization to nicotine-induced repetitive motion over the 7-day nicotine treatment period. On day 8, male periadolescent rats pretreated with nicotine were more markedly sensitized to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine than male adult rats, while female rats pretreated with nicotine were not sensitized to cocaine. In contrast, male and female periadolescent rats, but not adult rats, had increased amounts of repetitive beam breaks induced by cocaine after nicotine pretreatment. Overall, it appears that cross-sensitization to cocaine is greater in periadolescent than in adult rats, and that males are more sensitized than females. Thus, it may be that nicotine use during adolescence carries a greater risk than during adulthood and that male adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the risk of cocaine abuse after nicotine use. This information should be taken into account so as to help us better understand the development of drug addiction in adolescents compared to adults.
烟草使用在青少年人群中很普遍。这是一个主要问题，因为烟草极易成瘾，还与非法药物使用有关。然而，在青春期早期动物模型中，关于尼古丁与其他兴奋剂药物之间相互作用的研究并不多。本研究比较了雄性和雌性青春期大鼠与成年大鼠单独使用慢性尼古丁以及尼古丁对可卡因刺激活动的影响。在为期七天的尼古丁预处理期间，与溶剂对照组相比，尼古丁增加了所有组的运动活动。雄性和雌性成年大鼠以及雌性青春期大鼠在为期7天的治疗期间对尼古丁的运动激活作用产生了敏化，而雄性青春期大鼠则没有。然而，在为期7天的尼古丁治疗期间，所有接受尼古丁治疗的组对尼古丁诱导的重复运动都表现出敏化。在第8天，用尼古丁预处理的雄性青春期大鼠对可卡因的运动激活作用比成年雄性大鼠更明显地产生敏化，而用尼古丁预处理的雌性大鼠对可卡因不产生敏化。相比之下，尼古丁预处理后，雄性和雌性青春期大鼠而非成年大鼠由可卡因诱导的重复光束中断次数增加。总体而言，青春期大鼠对可卡因的交叉敏化似乎比成年大鼠更大，而且雄性比雌性更敏感。因此，青春期使用尼古丁可能比成年期带来更大风险，并且男性青少年在使用尼古丁后可能特别容易遭受可卡因滥用的风险。应考虑到这些信息，以便帮助我们更好地理解青少年与成年人相比药物成瘾的发展情况。
