Staak C
Institut für Veterinärmedizin, Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Berlin.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1992 Jul 1;105(7):219-24.
An insufficient absorption of colostrum-immunoglobulins (Ig) by the newborn calf may result in morbidity and mortality at the early age of 1-2 weeks after birth. According to a study from California, such losses amounted to 20% in dairy herds. Ig-deficiencies were observed in almost 90% of all calves which died within the first week of their lives. The rapid identification of Ig-deficient calves, compensation by feeding colostrum from another dam or the application of relevant commercial products from the dairy industry are attempts to remedy such a situation. Feeding bovine colostrum to lambs, kids, foals and piglets, bovine Ig is readily absorbed into the blood-system of these animals. Vaccination of pregnant animals aims at the provocation of specific antibodies for the protection of the offspring. The application of the vaccine into the mammary gland at ablactation provokes specific IgA- and IgM-antibodies which are normally not channelled from the blood system + of the mother into the colostrum. The advantage of the vaccination of pregnant animals is the immediate provision of protecting antibodies for the newborn immuno-incompetent animal. Under the pressure of an increasing criticism against the routinely applied supplementary feeding of antibiotics, this kind of immunization may reach more and more of importance. Like non-specific Igs, specific colostrum-Igs are absorbed into the blood-system of newborns from other animal species.
新生犊牛对初乳免疫球蛋白（Ig）吸收不足可能导致出生后1 - 2周龄时发病和死亡。根据加利福尼亚的一项研究，奶牛群中的此类损失达20%。在所有出生后第一周内死亡的犊牛中，近90%观察到Ig缺乏。快速识别Ig缺乏的犊牛，通过喂食另一头母牛的初乳或应用乳制品行业的相关商业产品来进行补充，都是试图改善这种情况的方法。给羔羊、山羊、马驹和仔猪喂食牛初乳，牛Ig很容易被这些动物的血液系统吸收。给怀孕动物接种疫苗旨在激发特定抗体以保护后代。在断奶时将疫苗注入乳腺会激发特定的IgA和IgM抗体，这些抗体通常不会从母体的血液系统进入初乳。给怀孕动物接种疫苗的优点是能立即为新生的免疫功能不全动物提供保护性抗体。在对常规应用抗生素补充喂养的批评日益增加的压力下，这种免疫方式可能会变得越来越重要。与非特异性Ig一样，特定的初乳Ig也会被其他动物物种的新生儿血液系统吸收。
