Matyssek R.
Lehrstuhl Pflanzenökologie der Universität Bayreuth, Postfach 3008, 8580 Bayreuth, FRG.
Tree Physiol. 1986 Dec;2(1_2_3):177-187. doi: 10.1093/treephys/2.1-2-3.177.
Comparisons of carbon, water and nitrogen relations in 33-year-old trees were made among evergreen spruce (Picea abies L.) and three deciduous larch species (Larix decidua Mill., L. leptolepis Gord. and their hybrid L. dec. x lep.), in a field experiment near Bayreuth (West Germany). Nitrogen content per unit dry weight was higher in larch needles than in spruce needles as was the photosynthetic capacity per unit of needle dry weight and area. Area related water demand of the deciduous needles was higher at the needle and crown level than in spruce, whereas evergreen spruce needles displayed a higher water use efficiency. However, because of foliage longevity and thus lower carbon investment in current-year foliage, spruce trees achieved the same stem increment as larch trees of similar age and height. A simulation illustrates that evergreen trees are able to achieve annual carbon gains comparable to deciduous trees because deciduous trees have a higher water demand and nitrogen investment in the current-year needles compared with evergreen trees that depend on longevity of functioning needles.
在德国拜罗伊特附近的一项田间试验中，对33年生的树木进行了碳、水和氮关系的比较，涉及常绿云杉（欧洲云杉）以及三种落叶落叶松树种（欧洲落叶松、日本落叶松及其杂交种欧洲落叶松×日本落叶松）。落叶松针叶单位干重的氮含量高于云杉针叶，单位针叶干重和面积的光合能力也是如此。落叶针叶在针叶和树冠水平上与面积相关的需水量高于云杉，而常绿云杉针叶表现出更高的水分利用效率。然而，由于叶片寿命长，因此当年叶片的碳投资较低，云杉树与年龄和高度相似的落叶松树实现了相同的茎干增量。模拟表明，常绿树能够实现与落叶树相当的年度碳增益，因为与依赖功能叶片寿命的常绿树相比，落叶树对当年针叶有更高的需水量和氮投资。
