Johnson J A, Valero K A
San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, USDA-ARS, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Dec;96(6):1952-7. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1952.
One California processor of organic garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum L.), unable to use chemical fumigants, relies on 30-d storage at -18 degrees C to disinfest product of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F). To determine whether the storage period may be shortened, the most cold-tolerant life stage of the cowpea weevil was identified. Laboratory studies showed that the egg stage was most tolerant to -18 degrees C and that adults were most susceptible. To examine the efficacy of cold storage disinfestation, bags of black-eyed peas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., infested with cowpea weevil eggs were buried within garbanzo bean bins placed in a commercial cold storage facility kept at approximately -18 degrees C and removed after 7, 14, and 21 d. Survival was highest in eggs located at the center of the bins and coincided with the slowest cooling rate. Although temperatures within the bins did not reach -18 degrees C until after 14-19 d, egg mortality was estimated to be >98% after just 7 d of exposure. Complete mortality of eggs occurred after 14 d of cold storage. A 2-wk treatment regimen may be sufficient for control of cowpea weevil in organic legumes.
加利福尼亚州的一家有机鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）加工商无法使用化学熏蒸剂，因此依靠在-18摄氏度下储存30天来清除豇豆象（Callosobruchus maculatus (F)）对产品的侵害。为了确定储存期是否可以缩短，确定了豇豆象最耐低温的生命阶段。实验室研究表明，卵期对-18摄氏度最耐受，而成虫最敏感。为了检验冷藏除虫的效果，将装有被豇豆象卵侵染的黑眼豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.）的袋子埋在置于商业冷藏设施中、温度保持在约-18摄氏度的鹰嘴豆储存箱内，并在7天、14天和21天后取出。位于储存箱中心的卵的存活率最高，这与最慢的降温速率一致。尽管储存箱内的温度直到14 - 19天后才达到-18摄氏度，但仅暴露7天后，卵的死亡率估计就>98%。冷藏14天后卵完全死亡。两周的处理方案可能足以控制有机豆类中的豇豆象。
