Franson J C, Hollmén T E, Flint P L, Grand J B, Lanctot R B
US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison,WI 53711, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2004 Mar;48(5-6):504-13. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027.
In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Except for Se (mean=36.1 microg/g dry weight (dw) in common eiders and 48.8 microg/g dw in long-tailed ducks), concentrations of trace elements in blood were low and, although several trace elements differed between areas, they were not consistently higher at one location. In long-tailed ducks, Se in blood was positively correlated with activities of two serum enzymes, suggestive of an adverse effect of increasing Se levels on the liver. Although common eiders had high Se concentrations in their blood, Se residues in eggs were low (mean=2.28 microg/g dw). Strontium and Ni were higher in eggs near Prudhoe Bay than at the reference area, but none of the other trace elements or organic contaminants in eggs differed between locations. Concentrations of Ca, Sr, Mg, and Ni differed among eggs having no visible development, early-stage embryos, or late-stage embryos. Residues of 4,4'-DDE, cis-nonachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor were found in 100% of the common eider eggs, but at low concentrations (means of 2.35-7.45 microg/kg wet weight (ww)). The mean total PCB concentration in eggs was 15.12 microg/kg ww. Of PAHs tested for, residues of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene were found in 100% of the eggs, at mean concentrations of 0.36-0.89 microg/kg ww.
2000年，我们在阿拉斯加普拉德霍湾附近的近岸岛屿以及普拉德霍湾以东的一个参考区域，采集了长尾鸭（Clangula hyemalis）的血液，以及普通绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）的血液和鸟蛋。对血液进行了微量元素分析，对鸟蛋内容物进行了微量元素、有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃分析。除了硒（普通绒鸭血液中平均含量为36.1微克/克干重，长尾鸭血液中平均含量为48.8微克/克干重），血液中微量元素的浓度较低，尽管不同区域的几种微量元素存在差异，但在一个地点它们并非始终更高。在长尾鸭中，血液中的硒与两种血清酶的活性呈正相关，这表明硒水平升高对肝脏有不良影响。尽管普通绒鸭血液中的硒浓度较高，但鸟蛋中的硒残留量较低（平均含量为2.28微克/克干重）。普拉德霍湾附近鸟蛋中的锶和镍含量高于参考区域，但鸟蛋中的其他微量元素或有机污染物在不同地点没有差异。未发育、早期胚胎或晚期胚胎的鸟蛋中，钙、锶、镁和镍的含量有所不同。在100%的普通绒鸭鸟蛋中都发现了4,4'-滴滴伊、顺式九氯、狄氏剂、六氯苯、氧氯丹和反式九氯的残留，但浓度较低（湿重平均含量为2.35 - 7.45微克/千克）。鸟蛋中多氯联苯的平均总浓度为15.12微克/千克湿重。在所检测的多环芳烃中，1 - 甲基萘、2 - 甲基萘和萘的残留存在于100%的鸟蛋中，平均含量为0.36 - 0.89微克/千克湿重。
