Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies on a novel series of naphthylidinoylureas as inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT).

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-phenyl-N'-[3-(4-phenylnaphthylidinoyl)]urea derivatives 3 as a novel structural class of potent ACAT inhibitors is described. A 3-methoxy group substituted on the naphthylidinone 4-phenyl ring, together with a 1-N-(n)butyl substitution, SM-32504 (3m), gave a potent ACAT inhibitor, in vitro, respectively. The most potent compound, SM-32504 (3m), decreased the serum cholesterol level significantly in a high fat and high cholesterol-fed mouse model.