对卵子捐赠和代孕母亲身份的态度深受自身经历的强烈影响。

Schröder A K, Diedrich K, Ludwig M

Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Lübeck, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck, Luebeck.

Zentralbl Gynakol. 2004 Feb;126(1):24-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-820534.

The aim of the study was to find out the attitudes of different groups towards technologies which are prohibited by the German Embryo Protection Law. We evaluated by using a questionnaire, in how far oocyte donation and surrogate motherhood were accepted in Germany in different groups of the population. 34 infertile patients, 74 patients who asked for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PID), 29 women, who had finished family planning, and 59 medical students were asked for their opinion in a standardized and closed questionnaire. Overall the different groups, especially medical students, were very critical towards oocyte donation and surrogate motherhood. However, to help another couple to conceive a child 68.6 % of PID patients, 62.1 % of infertile patients, 43.2 % of women with finished family planning, and 47.6 % of students were prepared to donate oocytes. On the other hand, only 40.9 %, 40.0 %, 25.9 %, and 13.2 % of PID patients, infertile patients, women with finished family planning and medical students, respectively, would accept oocyte donation for themselves. Regarding surrogate motherhood, the PID group and students were strictly against the idea to be a surrogate mother by themselves. Members of the infertile group as well as those women with finished family planning were more indifferent regarding this question. Students and women with finished family planning, however, would prefer adoption, whilst PID- and infertility groups are more indifferent. Men are more positive towards both techniques as compared to women. As compared to known data from other countries, the acceptance of oocyte donation in all groups and surrogate motherhood is comparable to other European countries, when only PID patients and infertile patients are respected. The other two groups are more critical against surrogate motherhood. To conclude, it becomes apparent how opinions regarding these techniques are influenced by the own situation and experiences.

该研究的目的是了解不同群体对德国胚胎保护法禁止的技术的态度。我们通过问卷调查评估了德国不同人群对卵母细胞捐赠和代孕的接受程度。我们向34名不孕患者、74名要求进行植入前基因诊断（PID）的患者、29名已完成计划生育的女性以及59名医学生发放了一份标准化的封闭式问卷，询问他们的意见。总体而言，不同群体，尤其是医学生，对卵母细胞捐赠和代孕持非常批判的态度。然而，为了帮助另一对夫妇受孕，68.6%的PID患者、62.1%的不孕患者、43.2%已完成计划生育的女性以及47.6%的学生愿意捐赠卵母细胞。另一方面，分别只有40.9%的PID患者、40.0%的不孕患者、25.9%已完成计划生育的女性和13.2%的医学生愿意接受为自己捐赠卵母细胞。关于代孕，PID组和学生坚决反对自己成为代孕母亲的想法。不孕组的成员以及那些已完成计划生育的女性对这个问题更为冷漠。然而，学生和已完成计划生育的女性更倾向于收养，而PID组和不孕组则更为冷漠。与女性相比，男性对这两种技术更为积极。与其他国家的已知数据相比，当只考虑PID患者和不孕患者时，所有群体对卵母细胞捐赠和代孕的接受程度与其他欧洲国家相当。另外两组对代孕更为批判。总之，很明显，对这些技术的看法如何受到自身情况和经历的影响。