Chitwood Dale D, Comerford Mary, Sanchez Jesús
Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0719, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003 Oct-Dec;35(4):445-53. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2003.10400491.
The prevalence of HIV and associated risk behaviors were assessed among three groups of heroin users: long term injection drug users (LTIDUs), new injection drug users (NIDUs), and heroin sniffers (HSs) with no history of injection. HIV seroprevalence was similar among NIDUs (13.3%) and HSs (12.7%). LTIDUs had almost twice as high a level of HIV infection (24.7%). After including drug use and sex behavior variables in logistic regression models, both drug and sexual risk factors remained in the models. Attributable risk percent (APR) from injection for HIV infection among injection drug users was estimated to be 55.7% for LTIDUs and 5.8% for NIDUs. High-risk sex behavior plays an important role in the prevalence of HIV among drug users and accounts for nearly all the infection among NIDUs. Both injection and sexual risk behaviors need to be stressed in HIV prevention and intervention programs aimed at drug users.
长期注射吸毒者（LTIDU）、新注射吸毒者（NIDU）和无注射史的海洛因吸食者（HS）。NIDU（13.3%）和HS（12.7%）的艾滋病毒血清阳性率相似。LTIDU的艾滋病毒感染水平几乎高出一倍（24.7%）。在逻辑回归模型中纳入吸毒和性行为变量后，毒品和性风险因素均保留在模型中。注射吸毒者中因注射导致艾滋病毒感染的归因风险百分比（APR）估计LTIDU为55.7%，NIDU为5.8%。高危性行为在吸毒者艾滋病毒流行中起重要作用，几乎占NIDU所有感染病例。在针对吸毒者的艾滋病毒预防和干预项目中，注射和性风险行为都需要得到重视。
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