Skipperud L, Oughton D H, Fifield L K, Lind O C, Tims S, Brown J, Sickel M
Isotope Laboratory, Department of Plant - and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5003, Aas N-1432, Norway.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2004 Feb-Apr;60(2-4):589-93. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.079.
Over the past 50 years, nuclear weapons' tests and releases from the nuclear industry have introduced anthropogenic plutonium into the environment. In the Arctic environment, the main source of plutonium is from the atmospheric weapons testing, but previous studies of plutonium in the Kara Sea have shown that, at certain sites, other releases can give rise to enhanced local concentrations. The present paper presents results from determination of plutonium concentrations and isotope ratios in the sediment samples collected during various expeditions to the Kara Sea, the Ob and Yenisey estuaries and their river systems. The data indicated a clear influence from a low 240Pu:239Pu source in surface sediments collected from the Yenisey estuary, whereas plutonium in Ob estuary sediments is dominated by global fallout. The results also show an increase in plutonium concentration (from 0.003 to 11Bq/kg) and a decrease in 240Pu:239Pu isotope ratio (from 0.16 to 0.05) going upstream from the Yenisey estuary towards the nuclear installation at Krashnoyarsk.
在过去50年里，核武器试验以及核工业排放已将人为源钚引入环境。在北极环境中，钚的主要来源是大气武器试验，但此前对喀拉海钚的研究表明，在某些地点，其他排放源可导致当地浓度升高。本文展示了在前往喀拉海、鄂毕河和叶尼塞河河口及其水系的多次考察期间所采集沉积物样本中钚浓度和同位素比值的测定结果。数据表明，从叶尼塞河河口采集的表层沉积物中，低240Pu:239Pu源有明显影响，而鄂毕河河口沉积物中的钚则以全球沉降物为主。结果还显示，从叶尼塞河河口向上游至克拉斯诺亚尔斯克的核设施，钚浓度增加（从0.003增至11Bq/kg），240Pu:239Pu同位素比值降低（从0.16降至0.05）。
