Futreal P Andrew, Coin Lachlan, Marshall Mhairi, Down Thomas, Hubbard Timothy, Wooster Richard, Rahman Nazneen, Stratton Michael R
Cancer Genome Project, Human Genome Analysis Group and Pfam Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton Cambs, CB10 1SA, UK.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Mar;4(3):177-83. doi: 10.1038/nrc1299.
A central aim of cancer research has been to identify the mutated genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis (‘cancer genes’). After two decades of searching, how many have been identified and how do they compare to the complete gene set that has been revealed by the human genome sequence? We have conducted a ‘census’ of cancer genes that indicates that mutations in more than 1% of genes contribute to human cancer. The census illustrates striking features in the types of sequence alteration, cancer classes in which oncogenic mutations have been identified and protein domains that are encoded by cancer genes.
癌症研究的一个核心目标是识别与肿瘤发生有因果关系的突变基因(“癌症基因”)。经过二十年的探寻,已识别出多少个这样的基因,它们与人类基因组序列所揭示的完整基因集相比情况如何?我们对癌症基因进行了一次“普查”,结果表明超过1%的基因发生的突变会导致人类癌症。这次普查揭示了序列改变类型、已发现致癌突变的癌症类别以及癌症基因所编码的蛋白质结构域等方面的显著特征。