Mäntysaari Raimo, Kantomaa Tuomo, Pirttiniemi Pertti, Pykäläinen Aila
Health Centre of Haapavesi, Finland.
Eur J Orthod. 2004 Feb;26(1):59-64. doi: 10.1093/ejo/26.1.59.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology in children in the early mixed dentition. The total study group comprised 68 children of both sexes (40 boys and 28 girls) aged 7.6 years [standard deviation (SD) 0.3]. The children, who had a Class II tendency in occlusion and moderate crowding of the dental arches, were randomly divided into two groups of equal size, matched according to gender. In the headgear (HG) group, treatment was initiated immediately. The mean treatment time was 16 months. In the second group, which served as the control, only interceptive procedures were performed during the follow-up period. The records, which included dental casts and lateral cephalograms, were obtained after follow-up periods of 1 and 2 years. The lengths and the widths of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches were significantly increased in the HG group after the 2 year follow-up period. The mean increase in lower arch length and width was 2.4 mm (SD 1.7) and 2.2 mm (SD 1.2), respectively. On average, the space gain in the lower arch was half that of the upper arch. No significant changes were found in the arch dimensions of the control group. Maxillary growth restraint and labial tilting of the incisors were the most significant cephalometric findings in the HG group when compared with the controls. The use of headgear in the early mixed dentition is effective in the treatment of moderate crowding. It is noteworthy that significant space gain in the dimensions of the lower arch can be achieved by headgear application to the upper first molars.
本研究的目的是确定早期使用头帽矫治器对处于混合牙列早期儿童牙弓和颅面形态的影响。研究总样本包括68名7.6岁的儿童（40名男孩和28名女孩）[标准差（SD）0.3]。这些儿童存在Ⅱ类错牙合倾向且牙弓中度拥挤，按性别匹配后被随机分为两组，每组人数相等。在头帽矫治器（HG）组，治疗立即开始。平均治疗时间为16个月。在作为对照组的第二组中，随访期间仅进行预防性治疗。随访1年和2年后获取记录，包括石膏模型和头颅侧位片。2年随访期后，HG组上颌和下颌牙弓的长度和宽度均显著增加。下牙弓长度和宽度的平均增加量分别为2.4毫米（SD 1.7）和2.2毫米（SD 1.2）。平均而言，下牙弓获得的间隙是上牙弓的一半。对照组牙弓尺寸未发现显著变化。与对照组相比，HG组最显著的头影测量结果是上颌生长受限和切牙唇倾。在混合牙列早期使用头帽矫治器对治疗中度拥挤有效。值得注意的是，通过对上颌第一磨牙施加头帽矫治器可使下牙弓尺寸显著增加间隙。
