Tumor size, nuclear morphometry, mitotic indices as prognostic factors in axillary-lymph-node-positive breast cancer.

The biopsy specimens from the primary tumors of 234 women with axillary-lymph-node-positive breast carcinomas (followed up for a mean of 10.9 years) were subjected to interactive morphometric analysis of nine nuclear factors. The proliferative activity of the tumors was estimated by determining two different mitotic indices. Morphometrically determined nuclear factors and mitotic indices showed a significant correlation to the histological grading (p less than 0.0001). Mitotic activity index (MAI; p = 0.018) and volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V index; p = 0.005) accurately predicted the tumor recurrence. Recurrence-free survival was related to the M/V index (p = 0.0003), MAI (p = 0.0024) and tumor size (p = 0.0144). Disease-related survival was determined by the tumor size (p less than 0.0001), M/V index (p = 0.0142) and MAI (p = 0.0492) in that order. On the other hand, the nuclear factors analyzed and the histological grading used had no predictive value (i.e. tumor recurrence, recurrence-free survival or tumor-related survival) in these women. The results indicate that mitotic indices can be successfully applied in place for subjective grading and nuclear morphometry in predicting the disease outcome in patients with axillary-lymph-node-positive breast carcinomas. The mitotic indices provide independent prognostic information in addition to tumor size. The major clinical implications of these results would be to accurately disclose among these women the high-risk patients (i.e. those with high mitotic indices), who might benefit from more agressive adjuvant therapies.