Ioulios Palamaras, Charalampos Michaelides, Efrossini Tsele
Dermatology Department, West Attika General Hospital of Athens, Greece.
Dermatol Online J. 2003 Dec;9(5):6.
Calcium antagonists (CAs) or calcium-channel blockers, are a common group of antihypertensive medications. These drugs have the property of blocking the calcium channels of the vascular and cardiac smooth-muscle fibers. They have been associated with cutaneous reactions ranging from exanthems to severe adverse events. The frequency of these reactions may be as high as 48 percent. The most common are ankle or pedal edema (up to 30 %), gingival hyperplasia (up to 21 %), and flushing (up to 10 %). Less common are facial or truncal telangiectasia, photosensitivity reactions, new-onset psoriasis (as well as exacerbation of it), purpuric exanthems, pemphigoid manifestations, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, gynecomastia, erythromelalgia, and oral ulcers. Particular adverse manifestations relate to drug potency, degree of vasodilatation, patient age, coexistence of other diseases, co-administration of other cytochrome P450 CYP3A-metabolized medications, fibroblast stimulation, and blood cell effects. Calcium antagonists are associated with a wide range of skin reactions, and the dermatologist should include these in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous diseases.
钙拮抗剂（CAs）或钙通道阻滞剂是一类常见的抗高血压药物。这些药物具有阻断血管和心脏平滑肌纤维钙通道的特性。它们与从皮疹到严重不良事件的皮肤反应有关。这些反应的发生率可能高达48%。最常见的是脚踝或足部水肿（高达30%）、牙龈增生（高达21%）和潮红（高达10%）。较少见的有面部或躯干毛细血管扩张、光敏反应、新发银屑病（以及原有银屑病加重）、紫癜性皮疹、类天疱疮表现、亚急性皮肤型红斑狼疮、男性乳房发育、红斑性肢痛症和口腔溃疡。特定的不良反应与药物效力、血管扩张程度、患者年龄、其他疾病的共存、其他细胞色素P450 CYP3A代谢药物的联合使用、成纤维细胞刺激以及血细胞效应有关。钙拮抗剂与广泛的皮肤反应相关，皮肤科医生在皮肤病的鉴别诊断中应考虑到这些。
