Lian Gang, Wang Dejian, Lin Jinghui, Yan Dezhi
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2003 Nov;14(11):1879-83.
In recent years, excessive nutrient loss in subsurface drainage from agricultural land is identified as a major source of non-point source pollution, and has been attended globally. This study was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient leaching from paddy field in rice-planting season under different fertilizer application levels on water quality by using Lysimeter experiment. The results showed that the concentration of NH4(+)-N in surface water raised quickly after fertilization, reached the highest in 2 or 3 days with the maximum value of 26.2 mg.L-1, and then, dropped quickly within 7 or 10 days. The concentration of NH4(+)-N in leachate was very low, only accounted for 0.008%-0.074% of total fertilizer applied. The nitrate content in the solution and lossed from leaching increased gradually with fertilizer application rate, with a range from 0 to 7.14 mg.L-1. The nitrate concentration in leachate over the soil profile was characterized by a gradual increase from the top to bottom. Nitrogen was leached away mainly in the form of NO3(-)-N in rice-planting season, and the net NO3(-)-N loss was 3.2-8.3 kg.hm-2, accounted for 1.40%-2.78%. Under the experiment level, nitrogen leaching may lead to a potential pollution of underground water. The concentration of phosphorus in surface water reached the highest in one day after fertilization, after then dropped. The concentration of phosphorus in lower depth was very low, almost not affected by the amount of fertilizer applied. Application of pig manure could increase the transfer of phosphorus.
近年来，农田地下排水中养分的过量流失被认定为面源污染的主要来源，并已受到全球关注。本研究通过使用蒸渗仪试验来确定不同施肥水平下水稻种植季节稻田养分淋溶对水质的影响。结果表明，施肥后地表水铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度迅速升高，在2至3天内达到最高值26.2 mg·L⁻¹，然后在7至10天内迅速下降。渗滤液中铵态氮浓度非常低，仅占总施肥量的0.008% - 0.074%。溶液中硝酸盐含量以及淋溶损失量随施肥量增加而逐渐增加，范围为0至7.14 mg·L⁻¹。土壤剖面渗滤液中硝酸盐浓度呈现出从上到下逐渐增加的特征。在水稻种植季节，氮主要以硝态氮（NO₃⁻-N）形式淋失，硝态氮净损失量为3.2 - 8.3 kg·hm⁻²，占1.40% - 2.78%。在本试验水平下，氮淋溶可能会对地下水造成潜在污染。施肥后一天内地表水磷浓度达到最高，之后下降。较深土层的磷浓度非常低，但几乎不受施肥量影响。施用猪粪会增加磷的迁移。
