Guo H Y, Zhu J G, Wang X R, Wu Z H, Zhang Z
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2004 Jun-Sep;26(2-3):209-19. doi: 10.1023/b:egah.0000039583.71423.b4.
The agricultural non-point source pollution by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from typical paddy soil (whitish soil, Bai Tu in Chinese) in the Taihu Lake region was investigated through a case study. Results shown that the net load of nutrients from white soil is 34.1 kg ha(-1) for total nitrogen (TN), distributed as 19.4 kg ha(-1), in the rice season and 14.7 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season, and for total phosphorus (TP) 1.75 kg ha(-1), distributed as 1.16 kg ha(-1) in the rice season and 0.58 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season. The major chemical species of N loss is different in the two seasons. NH4-N is main the form in the rice season (53% of TN). NO3-N is the main form in wheat season (46% of TN). Particle-P is the main form in both seasons, (about 56% of TP). The nutrient loss varied with time of the year. The main loss of nutrients happened in the 10 days after planting, 64% of TN and 42% of TP loss, respectively. Rainfall and fertilizer application are the key factors which influence nitrogen and phosphorus loss from arable land, especially rainfall events shortly after fertilizer application. So it is very important to improve the field management of the nutrients and water during the early days of planting.
通过案例研究，对太湖地区典型水稻土（白土）氮磷流失造成的农业面源污染进行了调查。结果表明，白土养分净负荷为：总氮（TN）34.1 kg·ha⁻¹，其中水稻季为19.4 kg·ha⁻¹，小麦季为14.7 kg·ha⁻¹；总磷（TP）1.75 kg·ha⁻¹，其中水稻季为1.16 kg·ha⁻¹，小麦季为0.58 kg·ha⁻¹。两个季节氮素流失的主要化学形态不同。水稻季以NH₄-N为主（占TN的53%），小麦季以NO₃-N为主（占TN的46%）。两个季节颗粒态磷均为主要形态（约占TP的56%）。养分流失随年份时间而变化。养分主要流失发生在种植后的10天内，分别占TN流失的64%和TP流失的42%。降雨和施肥是影响耕地氮磷流失的关键因素，尤其是施肥后不久的降雨事件。因此，在种植初期加强养分和水分的田间管理非常重要。
