Fitzgerald K A, Davies A, Russell A D
Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales College of Cardiff, Great Britain.
Microbios. 1992;70(283):77-91.
The uptake of 14C-chlorhexidine (14C-CHA) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and smooth, rough and deep rough strains of Escherichia coli was very rapid with maximum uptake occurring within 20 s. Despite the rapid binding, the lethal action of CHA, although concentration-dependent, is comparatively slow and occurs in minutes rather than seconds. This indicates that the initial rapid binding is followed by a second slower action, responsible for the lethal effects of CHA. The lethal action could be accelerated, particularly at modest concentrations of CHA, by the simultaneous presence of phenoxyethanol (POE) or benzyl alcohol (BZA), although the magnitude of the effect was small. Both alcohols had little effect on the binding of 14C-CHA, which does not explain the enhanced bactericidal action of CHA. Uptake of 14C-benzyl alcohol (14C-BZA) by the same strains showed very different patterns with slower and time-related binding. CHA had a marked effect on BZA absorption but no direct link was established between binding patterns and cell death. The CHA neutraliser, azolectin, removed bound CHA (in the presence or absence of POE) very efficiently even at contact times of only 20 s.
铜绿假单胞菌以及大肠杆菌的光滑型、粗糙型和深度粗糙型菌株对14C-氯己定（14C-CHA）的摄取非常迅速，在20秒内达到最大摄取量。尽管结合迅速，但CHA的致死作用虽然呈浓度依赖性，却相对较慢，发生在数分钟而非数秒内。这表明最初的快速结合之后是第二个较慢的作用，这一作用导致了CHA的致死效应。通过同时存在苯氧乙醇（POE）或苯甲醇（BZA），致死作用可以加快，特别是在CHA浓度适中的情况下，尽管这种效应的程度较小。两种醇类对14C-CHA的结合几乎没有影响，这无法解释CHA增强的杀菌作用。相同菌株对14C-苯甲醇（14C-BZA）的摄取呈现出非常不同的模式，结合较慢且与时间相关。CHA对BZA的吸收有显著影响，但结合模式与细胞死亡之间未建立直接联系。CHA中和剂偶氮凝集素即使在仅20秒的接触时间下，也能非常有效地去除结合的CHA（无论是否存在POE）。
