Masuda Y, Saito R, Endo Y, Kondo Y, Ogura Y
Acta Med Okayama. 1978 Jun;32(2):109-17.
Normal development of the human stapes footplate was investigated in serial sections by light microscopy. Materials were obtained from 35 Japanese embryos from the 6th to 32nd week of embryonal age. Eighteen embryos up to 16 weeks of age (3.5mm to 105mm in crown-rump length) were examined, focusing particularly on the lamina stapedialis of the otic capsule. The present study showed that primordial formation of the lamina stapedialis appeared in 16mm embryo and that the lamina was completely formed and fused to the base of the annular stapes in a 35mm embryo. In a 50mm embryo, the adult form of stapes was found with a rim and annular ligament. The results, therefore, seemed to essentially agree with the theory of dual origin and development of the footplate proposed by Cauldwell and Anson, and teratogenic agents might affect any stage of the process producing anomalies, including congenital footplate fixation, congenital absence of the oval window and calcification of the annular ligament.
通过光学显微镜对人镫骨足板的正常发育进行了连续切片研究。材料取自35例胎龄为6至32周的日本胚胎。对18例16周龄以下（顶臀长3.5毫米至105毫米）的胚胎进行了检查，特别关注耳囊的镫骨板层。本研究表明，镫骨板层的原始形成出现在16毫米的胚胎中，并且在35毫米的胚胎中该板层完全形成并与镫骨环的基部融合。在50毫米的胚胎中，发现了具有边缘和环状韧带的成人形式的镫骨。因此，这些结果似乎与考德威尔和安森提出的足板双重起源和发育理论基本一致，致畸剂可能会影响产生异常的过程的任何阶段，包括先天性足板固定、先天性卵圆窗缺失和环状韧带钙化。
