Reckelhoff Jane F, Fortepiani Lourdes A
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Hypertension. 2004 May;43(5):918-23. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000124670.03674.15. Epub 2004 Mar 15.
Blood pressure increases in many women after menopause. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for the postmenopausal increase in blood pressure are yet to be elucidated. Various humoral systems have been proposed to play a role in postmenopausal hypertension, such as changes in estrogen/androgen ratios, increases in endothelin and oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, obesity, type II diabetes, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system are common in postmenopausal women and may also play important roles. However, progress in elucidating the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. The aging female spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits many of the characteristics found in postmenopausal women. In this review, some of the possible mechanisms that could play a role in postmenopausal hypertension are discussed, as well as the characteristics of the aged female SHR as a model to study.
许多女性在绝经后血压会升高。高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一。然而，绝经后血压升高的机制尚待阐明。已提出各种体液系统在绝经后高血压中起作用，如雌激素/雄激素比例的变化、内皮素增加和氧化应激，以及肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）的激活。此外，肥胖、II型糖尿病和交感神经系统激活在绝经后女性中很常见，也可能起重要作用。然而，由于缺乏合适的动物模型，在阐明绝经后高血压机制方面的进展受到了阻碍。衰老的雌性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）表现出绝经后女性的许多特征。在这篇综述中，讨论了一些可能在绝经后高血压中起作用的机制，以及作为研究模型的衰老雌性SHR的特征。
