An Kyungeh, De Jong Marla J, Riegel Barbara J, McKinley Sharon, Garvin Bonnie J, Doering Lynn V, Moser Debra K
College of Nursing, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
Heart Lung. 2004 Mar-Apr;33(2):75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2003.12.007.
Anxiety is common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The assessment and treatment of anxiety early after AMI is important, because anxiety is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Few data exist about anxiety early after AMI, the time when anxiety likely peaks. Furthermore, no researchers have evaluated potential gender differences in the evolution of anxiety after AMI.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of anxiety during the first 72 hours of hospitalization for AMI and to examine whether there is a gender difference in the pattern of anxiety early after AMI, from cross-sectional data.
In this cross-sectional study, 486 patients with AMI were recruited from 4 urban university medical centers and 2 private hospitals in the United States and 1 large university teaching hospital in Australia. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure anxiety once in each patient within 72 hours of the patient's admission to the hospital. Patients were divided into 6 groups based on the time interval in which they were interviewed.
The mean score of state anxiety was 39 +/- 13. Peak anxiety occurred within the first 12 hours after AMI (P<.05) and anxiety level differed among the time intervals (F [5, 474]=4.55, P<.001). There was a main effect of gender on anxiety (F [1, 474]=11.86, P<.001). Women reported higher anxiety than men at all time points except the time interval of 24.1 to 36 hours after AMI.
Prospective, longitudinal, repeated measures research is needed to confirm the trajectory of anxiety in AMI patients, but data from this study suggest that anxiety should be assessed and treated in the early stages of AMI to prevent potential complications that may be exacerbated by anxiety and to provide comfort to AMI patients.
急性心肌梗死（AMI）后焦虑很常见。AMI后早期焦虑的评估和治疗很重要，因为焦虑与发病率和死亡率增加相关。关于AMI后早期（焦虑可能达到峰值的时期）焦虑的数据很少。此外，尚无研究人员评估AMI后焦虑演变过程中潜在的性别差异。
本研究的目的是调查AMI住院后72小时内焦虑的演变情况，并根据横断面数据检查AMI后早期焦虑模式是否存在性别差异。
在这项横断面研究中，从美国的4家城市大学医学中心、2家私立医院以及澳大利亚的1家大型大学教学医院招募了486例AMI患者。使用斯皮尔伯格状态-特质焦虑量表在患者入院72小时内对每位患者进行一次焦虑测量。根据访谈时间间隔将患者分为6组。
状态焦虑的平均得分为39±13。焦虑峰值出现在AMI后的前12小时内（P<0.05），且各时间间隔的焦虑水平存在差异（F [5, 474]=4.55，P<0.001）。性别对焦虑有主要影响（F [1, 474]=11.86，P<0.001）。除AMI后24.1至36小时的时间间隔外，女性在所有时间点报告的焦虑均高于男性。
需要进行前瞻性、纵向、重复测量研究以确认AMI患者焦虑的轨迹，但本研究数据表明，应在AMI早期对焦虑进行评估和治疗，以预防可能因焦虑而加重的潜在并发症，并为AMI患者提供安慰。
