Louw Deon F, Fielding Tim, McBeth Paul B, Gregoris Dennis, Newhook Perry, Sutherland Garnette R
Division of Neurosurgery, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Neurosurgery. 2004 Mar;54(3):525-36; discussion 536-7. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000108638.05274.e9.
The purpose of this article is to update the neurosurgical community on the expanding field of surgical robotics and to present the design of a novel neurosurgical prototype. It is intended to mimic standard technique and deploy conventional microsurgical tools. The intention is to ease its integration into the "nervous system" of both the traditional operating room and surgeon.
To permit benefit from updated intraoperative imaging, magnetic resonance imaging-compatible materials were incorporated into the design. Advanced haptics, optics, and auditory communication with the surgical site recreate the sight, sound, and feel of neurosurgery.
Magnification and advanced imaging have pushed surgeons to the limit of their dexterity and stamina. Robots, in contrast, are indefatigable and have superior spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. The use of tremor filters and motion scalers permits procedures requiring superior dexterity.
Breadboard testing of the prototype components has shown spatial resolution of 30 microm, greatly exceeding our expectations. Neurosurgeons will not only be able to perform current procedures with a higher margin of safety but also must speculate on techniques that have hitherto not even been contemplated. This includes coupling the robot to intelligent tools that interrogate tissue before its manipulation and the potential of molecular imaging to transform neurosurgical research into surgical exploration of the cell, not the organ.
本文旨在向神经外科领域介绍手术机器人技术的不断发展，并展示一种新型神经外科原型的设计。该原型旨在模仿标准技术并使用传统显微手术工具，以便于融入传统手术室和外科医生的“神经系统”。
为了利用最新的术中成像技术，设计中采用了与磁共振成像兼容的材料。先进的触觉、视觉和与手术部位的听觉通信重现了神经外科手术的视觉、声音和感觉。
放大和先进的成像技术已将外科医生的灵活性和耐力推向极限。相比之下，机器人不知疲倦，具有更高的空间分辨率和几何精度。使用震颤滤波器和运动缩放器可实现需要高超灵活性的手术。
原型组件的实验板测试显示空间分辨率为30微米，大大超出了我们的预期。神经外科医生不仅能够以更高的安全系数进行当前的手术，还必须思考那些甚至从未被考虑过的技术。这包括将机器人与在操作前对组织进行检测的智能工具相结合，以及分子成像将神经外科研究转化为对细胞而非器官的手术探索的潜力。
