Gafner Stefan, Bergeron Chantal, McCollom Megan M, Cooper Lorena M, McPhail Kerry L, Gerwick William H, Angerhofer Cindy K
Tom's of Maine, P.O. Box 710, Kennebunk, Maine 04043, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Mar 24;52(6):1546-50. doi: 10.1021/jf0307503.
Despite the wide availability of liquid herbal extracts using mixtures of alcohol, glycerin, and water, or glycerin and water as solvents, no data on the chemical composition of such extracts is readily available. In this study, the amount and the stability of the major saponins in Panax quinquefolius root extracts, made either with 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, a mixture (v/v/v) of 20% ethanol, 40% glycerin, and 40% water, or with 65% (v/v) aqueous glycerin, were evaluated by HPLC-UV analysis. The amount of total saponins was highest in the 50% aqueous ethanol extract (61.7 +/- 0.1 mg/g dry root), although similar to the ethanol-glycerin-water extract (59.4 +/- 0.5 mg/g dry root). Saponins were significantly lower in the 65% aqueous glycerin extract (51.5 +/- 0.2 mg/g dry root). Interestingly, the amounts of individual saponins were quite variable depending on the solvent. This is in part due to enzymatic cleavage of ginsenosides in the glycerin containing extracts during the maceration process. Storage of the extracts at 25 degrees C over the period of a year led to a 13-15% loss of saponins with all three types of extractions.
尽管使用酒精、甘油和水的混合物或甘油和水作为溶剂的液体草药提取物广泛可得，但关于此类提取物化学成分的数据却难以轻易获取。在本研究中，通过高效液相色谱 - 紫外分析评估了西洋参根提取物中主要皂苷的含量和稳定性，这些提取物分别用50%（v/v）乙醇水溶液、20%乙醇、40%甘油和40%水的混合物（v/v/v）或65%（v/v）甘油水溶液制成。总皂苷含量在50%乙醇水溶液提取物中最高（61.7±0.1毫克/克干根），尽管与乙醇 - 甘油 - 水提取物（59.4±0.5毫克/克干根）相似。65%甘油水溶液提取物中的皂苷含量显著较低（51.5±0.2毫克/克干根）。有趣的是，根据溶剂不同，单个皂苷的含量差异很大。这部分是由于在浸渍过程中含甘油提取物中的人参皂苷发生酶解。将提取物在25℃下储存一年，所有三种提取类型的皂苷均损失13 - 15%。
