Storbeck Justin, Robinson Michael D
University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904-4400, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Jan;30(1):81-93. doi: 10.1177/0146167203258855.
The authors systematically compared semantic and affective priming in five studies involving words and pictures. In Studies 1 (lexical decision task) and 2 (evaluation task), irrelevant short duration (200 ms) primes were briefly flashed before relevant targets. The authors orthogonally varied both the semantic and affective relations between primes and targets. In both studies, semantic priming but not affective priming was found. Study 3 revealed that the same stimuli can produce affective priming, but only when words come from a single semantic category. Studies 4 and 5 used pictures rather than words to examine automatic encoding tendencies. The results conceptually replicated those from Studies 1 and 2. In sum, the findings suggest that affective priming may be a relatively fragile phenomenon, particularly when the semantic properties of objects vary in a salient manner.
作者在五项涉及单词和图片的研究中系统地比较了语义启动和情感启动。在研究1（词汇判断任务）和研究2（评价任务）中，无关的短持续时间（200毫秒）启动刺激在相关目标之前短暂闪现。作者正交地改变了启动刺激和目标之间的语义和情感关系。在这两项研究中，均发现了语义启动效应，但未发现情感启动效应。研究3表明，相同的刺激可以产生情感启动效应，但前提是单词来自单一语义类别。研究4和研究5使用图片而非单词来检验自动编码倾向。结果在概念上重复了研究1和研究2的结果。总之，研究结果表明情感启动可能是一种相对脆弱的现象，尤其是当物体的语义属性以显著方式变化时。
