Tauson E L
Siberian Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants, SO RAS, 132, Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
Zh Obshch Biol. 2004 Jan-Feb;65(1):52-73.
One of the significant amendments to the central dogma of the molecular biology was the discovery of the RNA editing process in different genetic systems. Whereas other forms of co- and posttranscriptional modifications of messenger RNA (mRNA) (capping, polyadenilation, splicing) retain the correspondence of the primary structure of exon and final transcript, RNA editing disturbs this correspondence changing the primary structure of mRNA after its transcription. The variants of RNA-editing mechanisms are various and include site-specific insertions and deletions of one or several nucleotides (insertion-deletion editing) as well as specific modifications of nucleosides such as C-->U and A-->I deamination or U-->C transamination (conversion editing). These mechanisms differ greatly in different genetic systems but they always result in synthesis of functionally valuable proteins from "incorrect" genes and, correspondingly, can play a significant role in regulation of their expression.
分子生物学中心法则的重大修正之一是在不同遗传系统中发现了RNA编辑过程。信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的其他形式的共转录和转录后修饰（加帽、聚腺苷酸化、剪接）保留了外显子一级结构与最终转录本的对应关系，而RNA编辑会扰乱这种对应关系，在mRNA转录后改变其一级结构。RNA编辑机制的变体多种多样，包括一个或几个核苷酸的位点特异性插入和缺失（插入-缺失编辑）以及核苷的特异性修饰，如C→U和A→I脱氨或U→C转氨（转换编辑）。这些机制在不同的遗传系统中差异很大，但它们总是能从“错误”的基因中合成功能上有价值的蛋白质，相应地，在其表达调控中可能发挥重要作用。
