Behrendt S, Hess M M
Poliklinik für Hör-, Stimm- und Sprachheilkunde (Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie) des Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf.
HNO. 2004 Jul;52(7):642-7. doi: 10.1007/s00106-003-1002-z.
The diagnosis of vocal dysfunction is a prerequisite for referring a patient for specialized medical therapy. This mostly requires a holistic approach, and should also consider related symptoms and the social environment of the patient. Regulations on psychotherapy, promulgated in 1999, have provided clarity in relation to the indications for treatment in an inpatient and outpatient basis. Within the German health care system, every individual can now directly contact an officially certified psychotherapist (so called psychological psychotherapist) for probationary sessions, aimed at determining a basis and indication for further psychotherapy. In case of psychotherapy provided from others than physicians, an additional medical report from a physician is obligatory. Patients with functional and psychogenic voice problems often believe that organic disorders are the reason for their dysphonia. Thus, when caring for voice disordered patients and sending them to a psychotherapist, it is of great importance that physicians facilitate their referral by reacting in an empathic, fear reducing, and professional way.
诊断嗓音功能障碍是将患者转介至专业医学治疗的前提条件。这大多需要采用整体方法，还应考虑相关症状及患者的社会环境。1999年颁布的心理治疗法规，明确了住院和门诊治疗的适应症。在德国医疗体系中，现在每个人都可以直接联系官方认证的心理治疗师（即所谓的心理心理治疗师）进行试诊，目的是确定进一步心理治疗的依据和适应症。如果由非医生提供心理治疗，必须有医生出具的额外医学报告。有功能性和心因性嗓音问题的患者常常认为器质性疾病是其发声困难的原因。因此，在护理嗓音障碍患者并将他们转介给心理治疗师时，医生以共情、减轻恐惧且专业的方式做出反应以促进转介非常重要。
