Skirnisson Karl, Galaktionov Kirill V, Kozminsky Eugeny V
Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
J Parasitol. 2004 Feb;90(1):50-9. doi: 10.1645/GE-118R.
This study analyzed the influence of several abiotic and biotic variables on the distribution of digenetic trematode infections in a mudsnail, Hydrobia ventrosa, population inhabiting 12 ponds on the Melabakkar salt marsh in Iceland, the northwestern limits of the geographical distribution. Nine trematode species were found to infect the snail population, which included Microphallus pirum, Microphallus breviatus, Microphallus claviformis, Maritrema subdolum (Microphallidae), Cercaria Notocotylidae sp. 11 Deblock, 1980, C. Notocotylidae sp. 12 Deblock, 1980, C. Notocotylidae sp. 13 Deblock, 1980 (Notocotylidae), Cryptocotyle concavum (Heterophyidae), and Psilostomum brevicolle (Psilostomatidae). Correlations between biotic variables (snail density in the ponds and vegetation cover), abiotic variables (distance of each pond from the sea, pond elevation above chart datum, size, average depth, salinity, and some characters of the littoral zone and sediments), and trematode infections were analyzed. These variables indirectly affected the trematode infections because some determined how attractive the ponds were for the final hosts, which were various species of marine and shore birds. We propose that their habitat use and defecating habits are the main determinants of the trematode distribution in the area.
本研究分析了若干非生物和生物变量对冰岛梅拉巴卡尔盐沼（地理分布的西北边界）12个池塘中栖息的腹足纲软体动物——光滑脐螺种群中复殖吸虫感染分布的影响。研究发现有9种吸虫感染该螺种群，包括梨形微阴茎吸虫、短微阴茎吸虫、棒状微阴茎吸虫、亚隐微茎吸虫（微茎科）、诺托科吸虫属尾蚴11号（德布洛克，1980年）、诺托科吸虫属尾蚴12号（德布洛克，1980年）、诺托科吸虫属尾蚴13号（德布洛克，1980年）（诺托科吸虫科）、凹隐孔吸虫（异形科）和短颈伪口吸虫（伪口科）。分析了生物变量（池塘中的螺密度和植被覆盖）、非生物变量（每个池塘与大海的距离、高于海图基准面的池塘海拔、大小、平均深度、盐度以及沿岸带和沉积物的一些特征）与吸虫感染之间的相关性。这些变量间接影响了吸虫感染，因为有些变量决定了池塘对终末宿主（各种海鸟和岸鸟）的吸引力。我们认为它们的栖息地利用和排便习惯是该地区吸虫分布的主要决定因素。
