Sapozhnikova Yelena, Bawardi Ola, Schlenk Daniel
Environmental Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 3401 Watkins Dr, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Chemosphere. 2004 May;55(6):797-809. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.009.
The Salton Sea, the largest manmade lake in California, is officially designated by the State of California as an agricultural drainage reservoir. The purpose of this study was to determine organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides, as well as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in sediments and fish tissues in the Salton Sea and evaluate the relative ecological risk of these compounds. Sediment samples were taken during 2000-2001 and fish tissues (Tilapia mossambique, Cynoscion xanthulu) were collected in May 2001. All samples were analyzed for 12 chlorinated pesticides, 6 organophosphorus pesticides, and 55 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. SigmaDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (SigmaDDT) and total PCB concentrations observed in sediments ranged from 10 to 40 and 116 to 304 ng/g dry wt, respectively. DDT/DDD ratios in sediments and fish tissues of the northern Sea in 2001 indicated recent DDT exposure. Lindane, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenylethane (DDE) and total PCB concentrations detected in sediments exceeded probable effect levels established for freshwater ecosystems, and pp-DDE and total PCB concentrations were higher than effect range-median values developed for marine and estuarine sediments. In fish liver, concentrations of endrin and SigmaDDT exceeded threshold effect level established for invertebrates. SigmaDDT concentrations detected in fish tissues were higher than threshold concentrations for the protection of wildlife consumers of aquatic biota. DDE concentrations in fish muscles tissues were above the 50 ng/g concentration threshold for the protection of predatory birds. Dimethoate, diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, disulfoton varied from < or = 0.15 to 9.5 ng/g dry wt in sediments and from < or = 0.1 to 80.3 ng/g wet wt in fish tissues. Disulfoton was found in relatively high concentrations (up to 80.3 ng/g) in all organs from Tilapia and Corvina. These results demonstrate continued contamination of specific organochlorine compounds in sediments and resident fish species of the Salton Sea.
索尔顿海是加利福尼亚最大的人工湖，被加利福尼亚州官方指定为农业排水水库。本研究的目的是测定索尔顿海沉积物和鱼类组织中的有机氯和有机磷农药以及多氯联苯（PCB）浓度，并评估这些化合物的相对生态风险。沉积物样本于2000 - 2001年采集，鱼类组织（莫桑比克罗非鱼、黄鳍犬牙石首鱼）于2001年5月采集。所有样本均分析了12种氯代农药、6种有机磷农药和55种多氯联苯同系物。沉积物中观测到的总滴滴涕（SigmaDDT）和总PCB浓度分别为10至40 ng/g干重和116至304 ng/g干重。2001年北海沉积物和鱼类组织中的滴滴涕/滴滴滴（DDT/DDD）比值表明近期有滴滴涕暴露。沉积物中检测到的林丹、狄氏剂、二氯二苯乙烷（DDE）和总PCB浓度超过了为淡水生态系统确定的可能效应水平，对，p,p'-DDE和总PCB浓度高于为海洋和河口沉积物制定的效应范围中值。在鱼肝中，异狄氏剂和SigmaDDT的浓度超过了为无脊椎动物确定的阈值效应水平。鱼类组织中检测到的SigmaDDT浓度高于保护水生生物野生动物消费者的阈值浓度。鱼类肌肉组织中的DDE浓度高于保护捕食性鸟类的50 ng/g浓度阈值。乐果、二嗪农、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、乙拌磷在沉积物中的含量范围为≤0.15至9.5 ng/g干重，在鱼类组织中的含量范围为≤0.1至80.3 ng/g湿重。在罗非鱼和科维纳的所有器官中都发现乙拌磷的浓度相对较高（高达80.3 ng/g）。这些结果表明索尔顿海沉积物和当地鱼类物种中特定有机氯化合物持续受到污染。
