Semine A A, Ertel A N, Goldberg M J, Bull M J
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978 Jul;60(5):649-52.
Eighty-five children with Down syndrome, between sixteen months and eighteen years old, were evaluated for instability of the cervical spine at the atlanto-axial joint. The mean atlas-odontoid process interval was three millimeters in flexion and two millimeters in extension. Ten patients (12 per cent) exhibited abnormal intervals (4.5 millimeters or more) during either flexion or extension. The configuration of the odontoid process was considered normal in eighty patients and abnormal in another five patients (6 per cent). The correlation between the thickness of the interval and the degree of ligament laxity was statistically significant, as was the correlation between ligament laxity and age. Of the ten patients with an increased atlas-odontoid process interval, neurological deficit (hyperreflexia and clonus) developed in only one after a one-year follow-up.
对85名年龄在16个月至18岁之间的唐氏综合征患儿进行了寰枢关节颈椎稳定性评估。寰椎齿突间隙在屈曲时平均为3毫米，伸展时平均为2毫米。10名患者（12%）在屈曲或伸展时出现异常间隙（4.5毫米或更大）。80名患者的齿突形态被认为正常，另外5名患者（6%）的齿突形态异常。间隙厚度与韧带松弛程度之间的相关性具有统计学意义，韧带松弛与年龄之间的相关性也具有统计学意义。在10名寰椎齿突间隙增大的患者中，经过一年的随访，只有1名患者出现了神经功能缺损（反射亢进和阵挛）。
