Clearing minimal residual disease with rituximab consolidation therapy.

Advanced follicular and mantle cell lymphoma are currently incurable using conventional chemotherapy. As such, new and potentially more effective therapeutic approaches such as high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and consolidation using various types of therapy are being increasingly considered. Rituximab has been assessed as an in vivo purge and as consolidation therapy both first-line and in relapsed patients with follicular and mantle cell lymphoma. Data from a number of studies are reviewed, focusing on our recently reported phase II study of patients with follicular or mantle cell lymphoma who received one standard course of rituximab consolidation therapy after ASCT to show that using rituximab in the context of high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT may improve patient outcomes without compromising tolerability. Specifically, purging and consolidation using rituximab can improve clinical and molecular response rates, may eliminate minimal residual disease, and may improve survival. These studies suggest that rituximab may have an important role in improving the outcome of ASCT in patients with follicular or mantle cell lymphoma.