Kruzynska-Frejtag Agnieszka, Wang Jian, Maeda Manabu, Rogers Rhonda, Krug Edward, Hoffman Stanley, Markwald Roger R, Conway Simon J
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2004 Apr;229(4):857-68. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.10453.
Periostin was originally isolated as an osteoblast-specific factor that functions as a cell adhesion molecule for preosteoblasts and is thought to be involved in osteoblast recruitment, attachment, and spreading. The protein was renamed "periostin" because of its expression in the periosteum and periodontal ligament, indicating a potential role in bone and maintenance of tooth structure. Periostin has structural similarity to insect fasciclin-I and can be induced by TGF-beta and Bmp2. Because tooth and periodontium development is a well-described genetic model for organogenesis governed by a reciprocal set of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, thought to be controlled by various TGF-beta superfamily members, we investigated whether periostin is present during tooth morphogenesis. Both periostin mRNA and protein expression were analyzed throughout normal tooth development (embryonic day [E] 9.5-newborn) and within both Bmp4- and Msx2-null embryos. Periostin mRNA is initially present within the E9.5 first branchial arch epithelium and then shifts to underlying ectomesenchyme. Both mRNA and protein are asymmetrically localized to the lingual/palatal and buccal side during the early epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Periostin is also present in dental papilla cells and within the trans-differentiating odontoblasts during the bell and hard tissue formation stages of tooth development. We suggest that periostin plays multiple roles as a primary responder molecule during tooth development and may be linked to deposition and organization of other extracellular matrix adhesion molecules during maintenance of the adult tooth, particularly at the sites of hard-soft tissue interface.
骨膜蛋白最初作为一种成骨细胞特异性因子被分离出来，它作为前成骨细胞的细胞粘附分子发挥作用，被认为参与成骨细胞的募集、附着和铺展。该蛋白因其在骨膜和牙周韧带中的表达而被重新命名为“骨膜蛋白”，这表明它在骨骼和牙齿结构维持中具有潜在作用。骨膜蛋白与昆虫的成束蛋白-I具有结构相似性，可由转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和骨形态发生蛋白2（Bmp2）诱导产生。由于牙齿和牙周组织的发育是一个描述详尽的遗传模型，用于研究由一组相互作用的上皮-间充质相互作用所调控的器官发生过程，而这些相互作用被认为受各种TGF-β超家族成员的控制，因此我们研究了骨膜蛋白在牙齿形态发生过程中是否存在。在正常牙齿发育过程（胚胎第9.5天-新生期）以及Bmp4基因敲除和Msx2基因敲除的胚胎中分析了骨膜蛋白的mRNA和蛋白质表达。骨膜蛋白mRNA最初存在于胚胎第9.5天的第一鳃弓上皮中，然后转移至下方的外胚间充质。在早期上皮-间充质相互作用期间，mRNA和蛋白质均不对称地定位于舌/腭侧和颊侧。在牙齿发育的钟状期和硬组织形成阶段，骨膜蛋白也存在于牙乳头细胞和正在转分化的成牙本质细胞中。我们认为，骨膜蛋白在牙齿发育过程中作为主要反应分子发挥多种作用，并且在成年牙齿的维持过程中，尤其是在软硬组织界面处，可能与其他细胞外基质粘附分子的沉积和组织有关。
