Janas-Kozik Małgorzata, Krupka-Matuszczyk Irena
Oddziału Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego Centrum Pediatrii w Sosnowcu.
Psychiatr Pol. 2004 Jan-Feb;38(1):95-104.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) belongs to the group of eating disorders. Many different factors are taken into consideration as far as the origin of this disorder is concerned, among them: individual factors (genetic, biological), personality factors, sociocultural factors, family factors. Among the biological factors, the role of neuropeptides is considered. Last few years (1998) have resulted in the discovery of two neuropeptides--orexines OXA and OXB which--apart from being regarded as appetite stimulants--are also supposed to be responsible for the energy metabolism of an organism. Orexines, a.k.a. hypocretins, arise from the disintegration of their common precursor--the polypeptide: preorexine. Their name derives from the Greek word for appetite: orexis. The orexine A (OXA) is a 33 amino acid peptide consisting of 2 chains connected by the Cys 6--Cys 12 and Cys 7--Cys 14 bridges. It is a potential food intake and gastric juice secretion stimulant. The connecting bridges in OXA play a crucial role in the receptor OXA-1 activation. The orexine B (OXB) is a 28 amino acid peptide with no connecting bridges between the chains. It mainly plays a role in the energy metabolism of an organism and does not influence the secretion of gastric juice. The OXR-1 receptor is a selective receptor for OXA, while the OXR-2 receptor is not privileged for any of the two orexines--both of them can connect to it. Orexines are produced by a small number of hypothalamus neurons, mainly in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), but also the posterior hypothalamus--the so-called "eating center". Orexines control: the wakefulness-sleep state, food intake (OXA over 100 times stronger than OXB) and the neuroendocrine system. Their discovery may help in understanding the mechanism of anorexia nervosa.
神经性厌食症（AN）属于饮食失调症。就这种疾病的起源而言，会考虑许多不同的因素，其中包括：个体因素（遗传、生物学）、人格因素、社会文化因素、家庭因素。在生物学因素中，神经肽的作用受到关注。过去几年（1998年）发现了两种神经肽——食欲素A（OXA）和食欲素B（OXB），它们除了被视为食欲刺激剂外，还被认为与生物体的能量代谢有关。食欲素，又称下丘脑泌素，由其共同前体——多肽：前食欲素分解产生。它们的名字来源于希腊语中表示食欲的词：orexis。食欲素A（OXA）是一种由33个氨基酸组成的肽，由通过Cys 6-Cys 12和Cys 7-Cys 14桥连接的两条链组成。它是一种潜在的食物摄入和胃液分泌刺激剂。OXA中的连接桥在受体OXA-1的激活中起关键作用。食欲素B（OXB）是一种由28个氨基酸组成的肽，链之间没有连接桥。它主要在生物体的能量代谢中起作用，不影响胃液分泌。OXR-1受体是OXA的选择性受体，而OXR-2受体对两种食欲素都没有偏好——它们都可以与之结合。食欲素由少数下丘脑神经元产生，主要位于下丘脑外侧区（LHA），但也在下丘脑后部——即所谓的“进食中枢”。食欲素控制：清醒-睡眠状态、食物摄入（OXA比OXB强100倍以上）和神经内分泌系统。它们的发现可能有助于理解神经性厌食症的机制。
