Dallman Mary F, la Fleur Susanne E, Pecoraro Norman C, Gomez Francisca, Houshyar Hani, Akana Susan F
Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0444, USA.
Endocrinology. 2004 Jun;145(6):2633-8. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-0037. Epub 2004 Mar 24.
Glucocorticoids have a major effect on food intake that is underappreciated, although the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism and abdominal obesity are quite well understood. Physiologically appropriate concentrations of naturally secreted corticosteroids (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rats) have major stimulatory effects on caloric intake and, in the presence of insulin, preference. We first address the close relationship between glucocorticoids and energy balance under both normal and abnormal conditions. Because excess caloric intake is stored in different fat depots, we also address the systemic effects of glucocorticoids on redistribution of stored energy preponderantly into intraabdominal fat depots. We provide strong evidence that glucocorticoids modify feeding and then discuss the role of insulin on the choice of ingested calories, as well as suggesting some central neural pathways that may be involved in these actions of glucocorticoids and insulin. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary utility of these actions of the stress hormones, and how dysregulatory effects of chronically elevated glucocorticoids may occur in our modern, rich societies.
糖皮质激素对食物摄入有重要影响，但这一点尚未得到充分认识，尽管糖皮质激素对新陈代谢和腹部肥胖的影响已广为人知。生理上适当浓度的天然分泌皮质类固醇（人类中的皮质醇，大鼠中的皮质酮）对热量摄入有主要刺激作用，并且在有胰岛素存在的情况下，会影响食物偏好。我们首先探讨正常和异常情况下糖皮质激素与能量平衡之间的密切关系。由于过量的热量摄入会储存在不同的脂肪库中，我们还将探讨糖皮质激素对储存能量重新分配的全身影响，这种重新分配主要是将能量储存在腹部脂肪库中。我们提供了有力证据证明糖皮质激素会改变进食行为，然后讨论胰岛素在摄入热量选择方面的作用，并指出一些可能参与糖皮质激素和胰岛素这些作用的中枢神经通路。最后，我们讨论这些应激激素作用的进化效用，以及在现代富裕社会中慢性升高的糖皮质激素可能产生的调节失调效应。
