van der Horst C, Jünemann K P
Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel.
Urologe A. 2004 May;43(5):521-6. doi: 10.1007/s00120-004-0563-0.
Micturition disorders in elderly people result from the interaction between several different factors such as medication, mobility, metabolism and physical as well as psychological health. Senile incontinence may occur as a single form but is often a mixture of various forms. With increasing knowledge on the pathophysiology of incontinence, prevention and therapy may become more efficient. Age-dependent structural alterations to the urinary bladder are predominantly due to functional disturbances. Neurophysiological studies have led to modified recommendations for micturition behaviour other than double micturition in cases of residual urine or bladder over-expansion in the elderly. The brain, the main point of control of continence and micturition and a postmitotic organ, is very vulnerable to age-dependent disturbances. Research on cerebral organisation and control of continence, in addition to that on receptor-mediated and molecular-biological regulation processes, will have consequences for the health system and the action taken by the medical practitioner.
老年人排尿障碍是由多种不同因素相互作用导致的，如药物、活动能力、新陈代谢以及身体和心理健康状况。老年失禁可能以单一形式出现，但通常是多种形式的混合。随着对失禁病理生理学认识的增加，预防和治疗可能会更有效。膀胱的年龄依赖性结构改变主要是由于功能紊乱。神经生理学研究对老年人残余尿或膀胱过度扩张情况下的排尿行为（而非二次排尿）提出了修改后的建议。大脑作为控尿和排尿的主要控制点以及一个不再分裂的器官，非常容易受到年龄依赖性干扰的影响。除了对受体介导和分子生物学调节过程的研究外，对大脑控尿组织和控制的研究将对卫生系统和医生的行动产生影响。
