Gutwein Luke G, Webster Thomas J
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 1296 Potter Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1296, USA.
Biomaterials. 2004 Aug;25(18):4175-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.090.
In the present in vitro study, osteoblast (bone-forming cells) viability and cell density were investigated when cultured in the presence of nanophase compared to conventional (i.e. micron) alumina and titania particles at various concentrations (from 10,000 to 100 microg/ml of cell culture media) for up to 6h. Results confirmed previous studies of the detrimental influences of all ceramic particulates on osteoblast viability and cell densities. For the first time, however, results provided evidence of increased apoptotic cell death when cultured in the presence of conventional compared to nanophase alumina and titania particles. Moreover, since material characterization studies revealed that the only difference between respective ceramic particles was nanometer- and conventional-dimensions (specifically, phase and chemical properties were similar between respective nanophase and conventional alumina as well as titania particles), these results indicated that osteoblast viability and densities were influenced solely by particle size. Such nanometer particulate wear debris may result from friction between articulating components of orthopedic implants composed of novel nanophase ceramic materials. Results of a less detrimental effect of nanometer--as compared to conventional-dimensioned particles on the functions of osteoblasts provide additional evidence that nanophase ceramics may become the next generation of bone prosthetic materials with increased efficacy and, thus, deserve further testing.
在当前的体外研究中，将成骨细胞（骨形成细胞）与常规（即微米级）氧化铝和二氧化钛颗粒在不同浓度（细胞培养基中为10,000至100微克/毫升）下培养长达6小时，研究纳米相颗粒存在时的成骨细胞活力和细胞密度。结果证实了先前关于所有陶瓷颗粒对成骨细胞活力和细胞密度有有害影响的研究。然而，首次有结果表明，与纳米相氧化铝和二氧化钛颗粒相比，在常规颗粒存在下培养时，凋亡细胞死亡增加。此外，由于材料表征研究表明，各陶瓷颗粒之间的唯一差异在于纳米级和常规尺寸（具体而言，各纳米相和常规氧化铝以及二氧化钛颗粒之间的相和化学性质相似），这些结果表明成骨细胞活力和密度仅受颗粒大小影响。这种纳米级颗粒磨损碎屑可能源于由新型纳米相陶瓷材料制成的骨科植入物关节部件之间摩擦。与常规尺寸颗粒相比，纳米级颗粒对成骨细胞功能的有害影响较小，这一结果提供了额外证据，表明纳米相陶瓷可能成为下一代具有更高功效的骨修复材料，因此值得进一步测试。
