Boerner Leslie, Nevis Kathleen R, Hinckley Lynn S, Weber E Scott, Frasca Salvatore
Animal Health Department, New England Aquarium, One Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004 Mar;16(2):145-9. doi: 10.1177/104063870401600209.
On June 25, 2002, aquarium veterinarians treated a 5-year-old, male little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) that was acutely recumbent and dull, with inappetence of 24-hour duration. The penguin died within 10 minutes of presentation despite emergency resuscitation efforts. Gross pathologic findings consisted of pulmonary congestion and intestinal hemorrhage. Histopathologic findings included necrosis of tips of intestinal villi, increased numbers of mononuclear cells in pulmonary interstitium and hepatic sinusoids, and gram-positive bacteria in systemic microvasculature. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed short gram-positive bacilli located in lumina of glomerular capillaries and in cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytic cells in the lung and liver. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was recovered from the lung, liver, and intestine by bacteriologic culture. Amplicons from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests using Erysipelothrix genus-specific primers and total genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of lung and intestine demonstrated 99% nucleotide sequence identity with 16S small-subunit ribosomal DNA of E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum. The source of infection was speculated to be fish in the diet; however, repeated attempts to detect Erysipelothrix spp. from the mucous layer of food fish using bacteriologic culture and PCR were unsuccessful. This is the first report of erysipelas in a captive aquatic bird. Details of the isolation of E. rhusiopathiae and the application of molecular testing to identify Erysipelothrix DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections are given.
2002年6月25日，水族馆兽医诊治了一只5岁的雄性小蓝企鹅（小企鹅属），该企鹅急性卧地不起、精神萎靡，已有24小时食欲不振。尽管进行了紧急复苏抢救，这只企鹅在就诊后10分钟内死亡。大体病理检查结果包括肺充血和肠出血。组织病理学检查结果包括肠绒毛尖端坏死、肺间质和肝血窦中单核细胞数量增加，以及全身微血管中有革兰氏阳性菌。透射电子显微镜检查显示，在肾小球毛细血管腔以及肺和肝脏的单核吞噬细胞胞质中存在短革兰氏阳性杆菌。通过细菌培养从肺、肝和肠中分离出猪红斑丹毒丝菌。使用丹毒丝菌属特异性引物进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，以及从福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的肺和肠组织切片中提取的总基因组DNA扩增产物，显示与猪红斑丹毒丝菌和扁桃体丹毒丝菌的16S小亚基核糖体DNA具有99%的核苷酸序列同一性。推测感染源是饮食中的鱼类；然而，多次尝试使用细菌培养和PCR从食用鱼的黏液层中检测丹毒丝菌属均未成功。这是圈养水鸟患丹毒的首例报告。本文给出了猪红斑丹毒丝菌的分离细节以及在福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织切片中应用分子检测鉴定丹毒丝菌DNA的情况。
