Whang Min Cheol, Lim Joa Sang, Boucsein Wolfram
Department of Media Technology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
Hum Factors. 2003;45(4):623-34. doi: 10.1518/hfes.45.4.623.27095.
Despite rapid advances in technology, computers remain incapable of responding to human emotions. An exploratory study was conducted to find out what physiological parameters might be useful to differentiate among 4 emotional states, based on 2 dimensions: pleasantness versus unpleasantness and arousal versus relaxation. The 4 emotions were induced by exposing 26 undergraduate students to different combinations of olfactory and auditory stimuli, selected in a pretest from 12 stimuli by subjective ratings of arousal and valence. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG), heart rate variability, and electrodermal measures were used to differentiate the 4 emotions. EEG activity separates pleasantness from unpleasantness only in the aroused but not in the relaxed domain, where electrodermal parameters are the differentiating ones. All three classes of parameters contribute to a separation between arousal and relaxation in the positive valence domain, whereas the latency of the electrodermal response is the only differentiating parameter in the negative domain. We discuss how such a psychophysiological approach may be incorporated into a systemic model of a computer responsive to affective communication from the user.
尽管技术取得了飞速进步，但计算机仍然无法对人类情感做出反应。一项探索性研究旨在找出哪些生理参数可能有助于基于愉悦与不悦、唤醒与放松这两个维度来区分四种情绪状态。通过让26名本科生接触嗅觉和听觉刺激的不同组合来诱发这四种情绪，这些刺激是在预测试中从12种刺激中根据唤醒和效价的主观评分挑选出来的。脑电图（EEG）、心率变异性和皮肤电测量的变化被用于区分这四种情绪。EEG活动仅在唤醒状态下而非放松状态下能区分愉悦与不悦，在放松状态下皮肤电参数才是区分参数。所有这三类参数都有助于在正性效价领域区分唤醒与放松，而在负性领域，皮肤电反应的潜伏期是唯一的区分参数。我们讨论了如何将这种心理生理学方法纳入一个能够响应用户情感交流的计算机系统模型中。
