Crews Debra J, Lochbaum Marc R, Landers Daniel M
Arizona State University, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Feb;98(1):319-24. doi: 10.2466/pms.98.1.319-324.
Psychological well-being has been generally associated with vigorous aerobic activity and structured aerobic activity in adolescents and children. Low-income children are at greater risk than the general population for experiencing high environmental stress and increased mental health problems. This study investigated the effects of a structured physical fitness program on psychological well-being in low-income Hispanic children. A total of 66, 33 girls, 33 boys, in Grade 4 were randomly assigned to either an Aerobic intensity (n = 34) or a Control intensity physical activity program (n = 32) for 6 wk. Psychological well-being was defined as scores on trait anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, measured, respectively, by the Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-esteem scale. Analysis showed the children in the Aerobic intensity program significantly (p < .05) improved their cardiovascular fitness as measured by the PWC170 test. After the program was over, the children in this Aerobic group reported significantly (p < .05) less depression. The main effect for self-esteem reflected the Aerobic group's greater self-reported self-esteem. No differences were found on trait anxiety. The effects on depression and self-esteem may only be attributed to the cardiovascular improvement given the higher intensity physical activity program because causation was not assessed here.
心理健康通常与青少年和儿童的剧烈有氧运动及有组织的有氧运动有关。低收入家庭的儿童比普通人群面临更高的环境压力和更多心理健康问题的风险。本研究调查了一项有组织的体能训练计划对低收入西班牙裔儿童心理健康的影响。共有66名四年级学生（33名女孩，33名男孩）被随机分为有氧强度组（n = 34）或控制强度体育活动组（n = 32），为期6周。心理健康被定义为特质焦虑、抑郁和自尊的得分，分别通过特质焦虑量表、贝克抑郁量表和罗森伯格自尊量表进行测量。分析表明，通过PWC170测试测量，有氧强度组的儿童心血管健康状况显著改善（p < 0.05）。训练计划结束后，该有氧组的儿童报告抑郁情绪显著减少（p < 0.05）。自尊的主要效应反映在有氧组自我报告的自尊更高。在特质焦虑方面未发现差异。鉴于更高强度的体育活动计划，对抑郁和自尊的影响可能仅归因于心血管功能的改善，因为此处未评估因果关系。
