Everolimus.

Everolimus is an immunosuppressant that blocks growth factor-mediated proliferation of haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic cells. Oral everolimus 0.75 or 1.5mg twice daily significantly reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint, efficacy failure 6 months after transplantation, compared with azathioprine 1-3 mg/kg/day, in adult cardiac transplant recipients. All patients also received baseline immunosuppression with cyclosporin and corticosteroids. The incidence of efficacy failure remained significantly lower in everolimus recipients than in those receiving azathioprine 1 and 2 years after cardiac transplantation. However, graft and patient survival rates at 1 year were similar in patients receiving everolimus or azathioprine. The incidence of graft vasculopathy 2 years after transplantation was significantly lower in cardiac transplant recipients receiving everolimus 0.75 mg twice daily than in those receiving azathioprine. The combined incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, graft loss, death, or loss to follow-up was similar in adult patients receiving everolimus 1.5 or 3 mg/day or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 2 g/day 1 or 3 years after renal transplantation. Patients also received baseline immunosuppression with cyclosporin and corticosteroids. Compared with azathioprine and MMF, everolimus is associated with a lower incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in cardiac and renal transplant recipients. Everolimus has been associated with thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and elevated serum lipids and creatinine.