Daines Alison M, Maltman Beatrice A, Flitsch Sabine L
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2004 Apr;8(2):106-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.02.003.
Enzymes continue to be used as important catalysts, for the generation of rare and 'unnatural' monosaccharides and for the selective formation of glycosidic linkages. Multi-enzyme systems have been employed in one-pot strategies for multistep reaction sequences and for co-factor regeneration. The efficiency of glycosidases for glycosylation reactions has been dramatically increased by active-site mutagenesis to generate glycosynthases. First reports have detailed the expansion and optimization of glycosynthase substrate specificity by directed evolution. Novel glycosyltransferases are being identified from genomic databases and have been shown to glycosylate complex metabolites, such as glycopeptide antibiotics, with exquisite selectivity and in good yields. An emerging field is the application of glycosynthases and glycosyltransferases to reactions on solid support, generating potential applications in microarrays.
酶继续作为重要的催化剂，用于生成稀有和“非天然”单糖以及选择性形成糖苷键。多酶系统已被用于一锅法策略中进行多步反应序列以及辅因子再生。通过活性位点诱变产生糖基合成酶，已显著提高了糖苷酶用于糖基化反应的效率。首批报道详细介绍了通过定向进化对糖基合成酶底物特异性的扩展和优化。新型糖基转移酶正从基因组数据库中被鉴定出来，并已证明能以极高的选择性和良好的产率对复杂代谢物（如糖肽抗生素）进行糖基化。一个新兴领域是将糖基合成酶和糖基转移酶应用于固相支持物上的反应，这在微阵列中具有潜在应用。
